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Canada
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 31
special treatment of least-developed country Members GATT 40
Canada
— Aircraft dispute (WT/DS70), review of implementation of DSB
rulings (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural agreements, establishment of panels DSU 637
Canada
— Aircraft (AB), WT/DS70/AB/R, DSR 1999:IV
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13)
DSU 365
as general principle of international tribunal practice DSU 365
burden of proof
prima facie case, need for DSU 1013
panel ruling in favour, need for DSU 1014
refusal to provide information, relevance DSU 1014
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3)
business confidential information (DSU 18.2)
additional procedures, need for DSU 486–7
Business Confidential Information Procedures (Canada —
Aircraft Panel)
DSU 486
obligation to return or destroy DSU 486
obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 487
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/WP 3), adverse inferences from party’s
refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13) and DSU 365
evidence (panel procedures) (DSU 12), refusal of party to provide
information, effect, burden of proof and DSU 1014
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported
goods” (SCM
3.1(b)), “contingent in fact”, applicability to SCM 129
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a))
“anticipated” (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM 98
“but for” test SCM 96
case by case approach SCM 103
“grant or maintain” (SCM 3.1, footnote 4) SCM 98
“tied to” (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM
95, 104
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)), burden of proof, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency
SCM 104
information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13/SPS 11.2)
burden of proof and DSU 1014
prompt and full response, obligation DSU 426–7
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) SCM 97
means, dictionaries SCM 98
ordinary meaning, “contingent” (SCM 3.1) SCM
97, 129
specific terms and phrases, “grant or maintain” (SCM 3.1, footnote 4)
SCM 98
judicial economy, adverse inferences and DSU 365
preliminary rulings on, confidentiality issues DSU
847, 968
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations)
(DSU 17.6), new arguments DSU 458
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14),
“benefit” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 73
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
“benefit” SCM 45–8,
265 n. 379
SCM 1.1(a) and SCM 72
SCM 14 and SCM 73
SCM Annex IV and SCM 78
Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), adoption, AB authority
DSU 486
Canada
— Aircraft (Panel), WT/DS70/R, DSR 1999:IV
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3)
business confidential information (DSU 18.2)
additional procedures, need for DSU 485
Business Confidential Information Procedures (Canada —
Aircraft Panel)
DSU 485
consultations (SCM 4.1–4)
accelerated nature of proceedings, effect SCM 142–4
“statement of available evidence” (SCM 4.2), request for establishment of panel (SCM 4.4) distinguished
SCM 152, DSU 131
time-limits
new evidence SCM 142
new evidence and allegations DSU
369, 955
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties
SCM 142, 144
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 276
evidence (panel procedures) (DSU 12)
time limits for submission
affirmative defence (SCM 3.1)
DSU 831
panel’s right to admit “late” evidence DSU
369, 954–7
SCM 4 and SCM 142–4
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a))
case by case approach SCM 103
“tied to” (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM
95, 103
“contingent in law …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 86
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a))
burden of proof, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM
95, 99, 103,
106
“export performance” SCM 109
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credits at
rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), “benefit” (SCM
1.1(b)) and SCM 76
legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4),
mandatory/discretionary legislation, distinguishability SCM
134, DSU 185
notification obligations (SCM 25), notification, effect
(SCM 25.7) SCM 331
preliminary rulings on, timing of submission of evidence
DSU 955
preliminary rulings (procedural aspects)
procedures, need for
DSU 932–3
timing DSU 339, 986
relationships within and between agreements, DSU 11/SCM 4
SCM 142–4
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
identification of specific measures at issue
identification of industry,
need for DSU 211
specific measure the subject of consultations, need for identity with,
whether SCM 156, DSU 131
legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 369
request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)
accelerated nature of proceedings, relevance SCM 152
consultations, failure to reach mutually agreed solution
SCM 156
statement of available evidence, relevance SCM 152
SCM Agreement, object and purpose (SCM 1), multilateral disciplines on subsidies distorting international trade
SCM 497
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “make such other
findings” DSU 339
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14),
“benefit”
(SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 73
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
burden of proof, rebuttal of prima facie case SCM 70
SCM 14 and SCM 73
SCM Illustrative List, Item (k) and SCM 76
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/discretionary
distinction), “as applied” SCM 134–5
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), direct transfer of funds (SCM
1.1(a)(1)) SCM 13
Canada
— Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Brazil) (AB), WT/DS70/AB/RW, DSR
2000:IX
burden of proof, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU
21.3) DSU 560, 574,
622
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)
burden of proof DSU 622
competence of DSU 21.5 (compliance) panel, determination of consistency of
measure with WTO obligations DSU 598
“measures taken to comply”
examination on basis of facts proved during panel proceedings, limitation
to DSU 610
measure subject of original dispute distinguished DSU 602
“should ensure” requirement DSU 622
Canada
— Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Brazil) (Panel), WT/DS70/R, DSR 2000:IX
burden of proof, export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 470
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II), “contingent upon export
performance” (SCM 3.1(a)), “export performance” SCM 108
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k))
burden of proof SCM 470
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 466
international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second
paragraph) (“safe haven”)
Canadian Policy Guideline SCM 468
“export credit practice” SCM 460–3
“in conformity” SCM 466–8
matching derogation, permissibility SCM 473
OECD Arrangement SCM
455, 458, 466–8
qualification for inclusion under, requirements SCM 453
Canada
— Aircraft Credits and Guarantees (Panel), WT/DS139/R and Corr.1,
DSR 2002:III
burden of proof, SCM provisions, conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
SCM 59–60
developing country Members (SCM 27), Illustrative List of Export Subsidies
(SCM Annex I), item (k) and SCM 337
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a)), size of domestic market,
relevance SCM 107
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM
58, 88
burden of proof, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM 100
OECD Agreement, compliance with, relevance SCM 62
GATT Subsidies Code, limited nature of provisions SCM 425
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credit guarantee or insurance (item (j)), as contextual guidance
SCM 442
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k))
burden of proof SCM 477
international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph)
(“safe haven”)
legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary distinction)
SCM 479
matching derogation, permissibility SCM 474–5
relationships within and between agreements, DSU 23.1/SCM
SCM 423, DSU 786
SCM Agreement, GATT Subsidies Code and SCM 425
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14), difference
of payment on guaranteed and non-guaranteed loan (SCM 14(c)) SCM
74,
260–1
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
“benefit” SCM 51
provision of services not available in the market, whether
SCM 63
burden of proof, rebuttal of prima facie case SCM 71
“recipient of a benefit” SCM 53
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/discretionary distinction)
SCM 56–9,
479
“as applied” SCM 64
burden of proof SCM 59–60
fiscal advantages, relevance SCM 61
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1))
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) as parallel requirement
SCM 6–7
direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 11
potential direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 16
unilateral action by Member prohibition (DSU 23 1) SCM
423, DSU 786
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7),
“without delay”, obligation of panel to specify time-period SCM 168
Canada — Aircraft Credits and Guarantees
(Article 22.6 Canada), DS222/RB, DSR 2003:III
arbitration (DSU 22.6)
burden of proof, SCM 4.11 and DSU 692
timing in relation to Article 21.5 arbitration DSU 643
working procedures DSU 893
late submission of evidence DSU 894
opportunity to comment, need for DSU 894
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 895
burden of proof
arbitration (DSU 22.6) DSU 692
countermeasures (SCM 4.10), applicability to Article 22.6 arbitration (SCM 4.11)
DSU 692
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3),
non-confidential summary of arbitrator’s report (Article 22.6 proceedings) DSU 896
countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel AB report within
specified time-period (SCM 4.10), inducement of compliance as objective DSU 648
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
late submission of evidence
DSU 894
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 895
nature and purpose of counter measures DSU 648
“or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2)
DSU 668
relationships within and between agreements, DSU 22.6/SCM 4.10 and 4.11
DSU 692
suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and
rulings (DSU 22)
agreement to DSU 668, 758
level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4), reasoned
estimates, need for DSU 714
“or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2),
obligations under LIC DSU 668, 758
termination of treaty for breach (VCLT 60), rights created prior to, effect
on (VCLT 70) DSU 643, 703
Canada
— Autos (AB), WT/DS139/AB/R, WT/DS142/AB/R, DSR 2000:VI and DSR
2000:VII
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported
goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), “contingent in fact”, applicability to SCM 129–31
“contingent in law …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 90–1,
93
GATS Agreement
“affecting” (GATS I:1), wholesale trade service suppliers in their capacity as service suppliers, need to examine
GATS 7, 23
GATT 1994, overlap GATT 313
“measures affecting trade in services” (GATS I:1),
“affecting” GATS 6–7,
23
GATT , object and purpose (GATT I:1), non-discrimination
GATT 4, 22
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, object and purpose, GATT I:1 GATT
8, 22
means, same or closely related phrases in same agreement, SPS 3.1(a)/SPS 3.1(b)
SCM 1230–1
ordinary meaning
“contingent” (SCM 3.1) SCM 129–30
“contingent upon the use of domestic over imported
goods” (SCM 3.1(b)) SCM 131
judicial economy
explicit reference to, relevance DSU 1037
“positive solution to dispute” requirement (DSU 3.7) and
DSU 1037
MFN treatment (GATS II), determination of violation, requirements, analysis
of evidence GATS 23
MFN treatment (GATT I:1)
“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like
product”,
affiliation with designated local manufacturer/importer requirement and GATT 19–20
“advantage”, “any advantage … granted …
to any product”
GATT 12
“all other contracting parties”, regional trade agreements (GATT XXIV:5) and
GATT 66
de facto discrimination GATT 10
relationships within and between agreement
GATS I:1/GATS II/XVII GATS 6,
22
GATT I/GATT XXIV GATT 66
subsidy, definition (SCM 1), financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)),
exemption from or remission of internal taxes upon exportation (SCM
1.1(a)(1)(ii), footnote 1) SCM 27
Canada
— Autos (Panel), WT/DS139/R, WT/DS142/R, DSR 2000:VI and DSR
2000:VII
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a)), as defence or exception, economic test
GATT 696
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 227
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties
DSU 227
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 227
economic integration (GATS V)
regional trade agreements, notification, national treatment (GATS
V:1(b))/MFN treatment (GATS II), applicability GATS 41
“substantially all discrimination” (GATS V:1(b)) GATS 41
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II), “contingent
… upon the use
of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), “contingent in fact”,
applicability to SCM 130
GATS Agreement, “measures affecting trade in
services” (GATS I:1), “affecting” GATS 6
GATT 1994, object and purpose (GATT I:1), nondiscrimination
GATT 22
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, object and purpose GATT 22
means, same or closely related phrases in same agreement, SPS 3.1(a)/SPS
3.1(b) SCM 130
MFN treatment (GATS II)
“like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions
GATS 27
vertical integration/exclusive distribution arrangements, effect
GATS 25
MFN treatment (GATT I:1)
“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like
product”,
conditional advantage and “advantage accorded unconditionally”
distinguished GATT 21
“all other contracting parties”, regional trade agreements (GATT
XXIV:5) and GATT 22, 27,
66
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
“affecting” GATT 260
actual impact, relevance GATT 260
“requirements”
local content requirement GATT 261
non-mandatory measures GATT
253, 255
private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 255
ratio requirement (net sales value of locally-produced product/locally sold product)
GATT 261
TRIMs and GATT 308, TRIMs 31–4
national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII), foreign
character of services (SG XVII, footnote 10), relevance GATS 77
relationships within and between agreements
GATS XVII/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 125
GATT I/GATT XXIV GATT 66
GATT III:4/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 125
GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 GATT 308
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
identification of specific measures at issue, government action, limitation
to DSU 201
legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 227
Canada
— Autos (Article 21.3), WT/DS139/12, WT/DS142/12, DSR 2000:X, implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21),
impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3,
chapeau), “reasonable period”, coordination with other changes, relevance DSU 591
Canada
— Dairy dispute (WT/DS103, WT/DS113)
arbitration (DSU 22.6), timing in relation to Article 21.5
arbitration (“sequencing”), ad hoc procedural agreements, simultaneous
recourse to Article 21.5 and Article 22 DSU 629
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21),
impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3,
chapeau), “reasonable period”, amendment DSU 563
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural
agreements, compliance with deadlines DSU 640
Canada
— Dairy (AB), WT/DS103/AB/R and Corr.1, WT/DS113/AB/R and Corr.1,
DSR 1999:V and DSR 1999:VI
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam
pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase DSU 57
means
dictionaries AG 57,
58
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, AG 9.1(a)/AG 9.1(c)
AG 58–60
supplementary means (VCLT 32), in case of ambiguity DSU 34
ordinary meaning, “payments” AG 60–1
specific terms and phrases
“government” (AG 9.1(a)) AG 57
“government agency” (AG 9.1(a)) AG 57
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of
governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
“financed”, “whether or not a charge on the public
account” AG 58
“payments”
payment-in-kind as AG 58–61
transfer of economic resources, need for AG 58
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the
schedule” (GATT II:1(b))
description distinguished GATT 86
price ceiling not included in Schedule GATT 87
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
Agreement on Agriculture, applicability to AG 6
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), transfer of economic resources from
grantor to recipient for less than full consideration AG 56
Canada
— Dairy (Panel), WT/DS103/R, WT/DS113/R, DSR 1999:V and DSR
1999:VI
Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC), non-automatic import licensing
(LIC 3), GATT II(1)(b) and LIC 33
relationships within and between agreements, GATT II:1(b)/ LIC 3
GATT 115, LIC 33
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the
schedule”
(GATT II:1(b))
description distinguished GATT 86
“subject to” GATT 86
subsidy, definition (SCM 1), “direct subsidies, including
payments-in-kind” (AG 9.1(a)), payment-in-kind, as direct subsidy AG 56
Canada
— Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US) (AB), WT/DS103/AB/RW, WT/DS113/AB/RW, DSR 2001:XIII
export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10.1), export
subsidy, prohibited (SCM 1.1 and 3.1) and SCM 127
interpretation of covered agreements, means, same or closely related
phrases in same agreement, AG 9.1(a) and (b)/AG 9.1(c) AG 62
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of
governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
benchmark/standard (AG 9.1(c))
absence of express provision, relevance AG 62
domestic price fixed by government AG 63
factual and regulatory setting, relevance AG 62–3
industry-wide production costs AG 65–7
market rate relevance world market price AG 64
objective standard, need for AG 64
“by virtue of” AG
69, 71–3
nexus, need for AG 71–2
“financed” AG 69
“whether or not a charge on the public account” AG 69
“government action” AG 68
government mandate or direction, relevance, AG 9.1(e), SCM 1.1 and SCM
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies distinguished SCM 428
payments by private parties as AG 72
relationships within and between agreements, AG 9.1 and 10.1/SCM 3.1
SCM 127, 424
Canada
— Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US) (Panel),
WT/DS103/RW, WT/DS113/RW, DSR 2001:XIII
export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10.1), export
subsidy, prohibited (SCM 1.1 and 3.1) and SCM 126
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of
governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
“by virtue of” AG 70
“but for” test AG 70
preliminary rulings on, third party rights DSU 963–4
relationships within and between agreements
GATT II:1(b)/LIC 3 LIC 33
SCM 3.1/SCM 4.7 SCM 113
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), third party rights (DSU
10), right to receive submissions to first meeting of the panel, limitation to
(DSU 10.3) DSU 619, 963–4
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7), agricultural
subsidies, applicability to SCM 113, 128
Canada
— Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US II) (AB),
WT/DS103/AB/RW2, WT/DS113/AB/RW2, DSR 2003:I
burden of proof, reversal in respect of circumvention of export subsidy
commitments (AG 10.3) AG 88–9
costs of marketing exports (AG 9.1(d)), general business costs
distinguished AG 77
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of
governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
“by virtue of” AG
69, 74–7
“financed” AG 74–6
“whether or not a charge on the public account” AG 74
Canada
— FIRA (GATT Panel), BISD 30S/140
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures
imposed at the time or point of importation (“internal measures”) (GATT Ad
Art. III), quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) distinguished GATT
295,
419
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4),
“requirements”,
private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 18 n.
20, 255
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
GATT III, and GATT 295
as importation measure GATT 295
Canada
— Patent Term (AB), WT/DS170/AB/R, DSR 2000:X and DSR 2000:XI
intellectual property rights (TRIPS)
acquisition and maintenance of intellectual property rights (TRIPS 62),
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), term of protection (TRIPS
33) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 133
existing subject matter, applicability to (TRIPS 70)
“acts which occurred before date” (TRIPS 70.1) and
“existing at the date” (TRIPS 70.2)
distinguished TRIPS 155, 159,
DSU 67
“acts” (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 156–8,
DSU 67
“subject matter” (TRIPS 70.2) TRIPS 159
term of protection (TRIPS 33) and TRIPS 165
interpretation of covered agreements
ordinary meaning
“acts” (TRIPS 70 1) TRIPS 156–8,
DSU 67
“filing date” (TRIPS 33) TRIPS 117
non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)
in absence of different intention DSU 67
continuing measures DSU 67
patents (TRIPS, Section 5)
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27), as context for interpretation of
TRIPS 70 (protection of existing subject matter) TRIPS 159
term of protection (TRIPS 33)
“available” TRIPS 118
“effectiveness”, relevance TRIPS 119
“existing subject matter” (TRIPS 70.2) and TRIPS 165
freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and,
“filing date” TRIPS 117
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2) as distinct and
cumulative provision TRIPS 133
relationships within and between agreements
TRIPS 33/TRIPS 70 DSU 918
TRIPS 33/TRIPS 70.2 TRIPS 165
retroactivity (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS
155, DSU 67
TRIPS Agreement
interpretation of covered agreements, means, object and purpose (TRIPS 7)
TRIPS 158
transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), procedural nature TRIPS 140
Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), written
responses (ABWP 28) DSU 885
Canada
— Patent Term (Panel), WT/DS170/R, DSR 2000: and DSR 2000:XI
consultations (DSU 4), acceleration (DSU 4.9), Panel’s workload and
DSU 142
fair and equitable procedures (TRIPS 42)
requirement (TRIPS 41.2) TRIPS 122
“right holders” TRIPS 122
intellectual property rights (TRIPS), acquisition and maintenance
(TRIPS 62), unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), term of
protection (TRIPS 33) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 3
patents (TRIPS, Section 5)
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27),
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1),
necessary elements TRIPS 92
term of protection (TRIPS 33)
freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and
TRIPS 3
“filing date” TRIPS 117
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2) as distinct and
cumulative provision TRIPS 3
TRIPS Agreement
obligations (TRIPS 1), implementation, freedom to choose method (TRIPS 1.1)
TRIPS 3
protection of existing subject matter (TRIPS 70), freedom to choose method
of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and TRIPS 3
Canada
— Periodicals (AB), WT/DS31/AB/R, DSR 1997:I
decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1),
panel reports (unappealed) WTO 223
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand)
GATT 204
GATS Agreement, GATT 1994, overlap GATT
311, GATS 18–19
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, object and purpose GATT 281
means, preparatory work (VCLT 32), GATT III GATT 281
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
determination of “likeness”
on case by case basis GATT
167, DSU 446
as legal issue DSU 446
relevant factors
consumer preferences GATT
163, 167
end-uses GATT 163
physical properties GATT
163, 167
national treatment, exceptions (GATT III:8), payment of subsidies
exclusively to domestic producers (GATT II:8(b)) expenditure of revenue by government, limitation to
GATT 281
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1)
“so as to afford protection”
equality of competitive conditions GATT 118
protection of competitive relationship GATT 136
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
determination of violation, requirements, “like
product” and “in
excess of” GATT 153
“directly or indirectly” GATT 187
first and second sentences distinguished GATT 146–8
methodology of comparison
dissimilar taxation of some imported products GATT 217
individual transactions basis GATT
178, 217
“so as to afford protection”
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application
GATT 225
intention, relevance GATT 225
panel reports, legal status, unappealed reports WTO
223, DSU 438
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations)
(DSU 17.6)
classification as issue of law or fact, “like
products” (GATT II:2),
determination as DSU 446
findings or developed legal interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.13)
DSU 446
TRIMs, relationship with other agreements, SCM Agreement
TRIMs 39
Canada
— Periodicals (Panel), WT/DS31/R and Corr.1, DSR 1997:I
GATS Agreement, GATT 1994, overlap GATS 15–19
interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, effectiveness principle (ut
res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to
every word and phrase GATS 16
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
hypothetical “like product” GATT
163, DSU 337 n. 492
narrow interpretation, need for GATT 163
relevant factors, end-uses GATT
163, 167
national treatment, exceptions (GATT III:8), payment of subsidies
exclusively to domestic producers (GATT II:8(b)), expenditure of revenue by
government, limitation to GATT 281
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI),
“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1), complete ban GATT 398
Canada
— Pharmaceutical Patents (Panel), WT/DS114/R, DSR 2000:V
Berne Convention, incorporation (TRIPS 9), effect TRIPS 111
interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases,
“discrimination”
(TRIPS 27.1) TRIPS 89–92
patents (TRIPS, Section 5)
Berne Convention as basis TRIPS 111
exceptions (TRIPS 30)
balance of agreement as a whole and TRIPS 101
compensatory adjustment TRIPS 113
conditions/criteria TRIPS 99,
101–7
curtailment of owner’s rights 102–3
economic impact TRIPS 103–4
“exploitation of patent” TRIPS 105
“legitimate interests” TRIPS 108–11
“normal exploitation” TRIPS 106–7
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1), applicability TRIPS 94–5
exclusive rights (TRIPS 28) TRIPS 98
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27)
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1)
applicability to TRIPS 30 and 31 TRIPS 94–5
de facto discrimination TRIPS 89–90
relationships within and between agreements
TRIPS 27/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 94–5
TRIPS 27.1/TRIPS 30 and 31 TRIPS 94–5
TRIPS/Berne Convention (1971) TRIPS 38–42,
DSU 29
Canada
— Pharmaceutical Patents (Article 21.3), WT/DS114/13, DSR 2002:I
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21)
impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau)
“reasonable period”
15-month guideline (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 555
administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance
DSU 574
burden of proof DSU 560, 574
complexity of implementation process DSU 574
complexity of implementing measures DSU 574
as legal determination DSU 581
“particular circumstances” DSU
571, 574
Canada
— Wheat Exports and Grain Imports (AB), WT/DS276/AB/R, DSR 2004:VI
preliminary rulings on
specificity of request for panel (DSU 6.2)
DSU 944
timing of objections DSU 985
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
compliance, importance of, determination on case-by-case basis
DSU 985
identification of specific measures at issue, specificity, preliminary
ruling on DSU 944
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of the
facts”, evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel, discretion in
selection of evidence to refer to explicitly DSU 349
Canada
— Wheat Exports and Grain Imports (Panel), WT/DS276/R, DSR 2004:VI
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/ WP 3), business confidential information (DSU
18.2), additional procedures, need for, panel’s adoption of own procedures DSU 490
General Exceptions (GATT XX), alternative WTO-consistent measure,
availability, “reasonably available” GATT 624
General Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to secure compliance with
GATT-consistent measure (GATT XX(d)), “necessary” GATT 622
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4), relevant factors, nationality of
producer or origin of product GATT 250
multiple complainants (DSU 9), single panel, “whenever
feasible” (DSU
9.1), separate reports (DSU 9.2), structure DSU 302
multiple panels/same complainant/same dispute, separate reports
DSU 302
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
“requirements”, non-mandatory measures GATT 254
TRIMs and, Illustrative List TRIMs 6
preliminary rulings on
claims outside terms of reference
DSU 951
confidentiality issues DSU 969
third party rights DSU 826,
935
timing of objections DSU 985
preliminary rulings (procedural aspects), written submissions, opportunity
to submit DSU 825
relationships within and between agreements, GATT XVII:1(a)/GATT XVII:1(b)
GATT 459
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), compliance,
importance of, failure to comply, request for/establishment of second panel DSU 304
State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), obligation to act consistently with
GATT general principles of nondiscriminatory treatment (GATT XVII:1(a)), GATT
XVII:1(b), relationship GATT 459
third party rights, preliminary proceedings, participation in
DSU 826,
935
Cancun Ministerial Conference (2003)
Doha Round stocktaking WTO 40
Ministerial Statement WTO 40
“categories of
revenue” SCM 20–2
causality: see quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT
XI), “prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1), causal link, need for
causation:
see determination of serious injury or threat thereof
(SG 4), requirements, causation (SG 4.2(b))
“central government
entities” (GPA: Appendix 1) GPA 27–33
Chile
— Alcoholic Beverages (AB), WT/DS87/AB/R, WT/DS110/AB/R7DSR 2000:I
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), not to add to or diminish rights and
obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) DSU 83, 531
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2) latent demand)
GATT 117
interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, security and
predictability (DSU 3.2) DSU 20
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
“so as to afford protection”
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application
GATT 227, RO 4
intention, relevance GATT
227, RO 4
necessity of tax, relevance GATT 227
panel reports, rationale, need for (DSU 12.7), sufficiency
DSU 406
Chile
— Alcoholic Beverages (Article 21.3), WT/DS87/15
WT/DS110/14, DSR 2000:V
developing countries, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings
(DSU 21.2) DSU 545
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21)
impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau)
“reasonable period”
developing countries and (DSU 21.2) DSU 545
full and effective implementation (DSU 22), relevance DSU 595
“particular circumstances” DSU 572
“time … shorter or longer, depending on the particular
circumstances”
(DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 539
time required for enactment of law DSU 573
prompt compliance (DSU 21.1), adoption of report, obligation to begin
implementation following DSU 542
relationships within and between agreements, DSU 21.3/DSU 22.1
DSU 595
Chile
— Price Band System (AB), WT/DS207/AB/R, DSR 2002:VIII
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), right to develop own legal reasoning
including arguments not adduced by parties (jura novit curia) DSU 287
customs duties, “ordinary customs duties” (GATT II(1)(b)/AG 4.2) GATT
97, 114
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
clear presentation of the problem (DSU 6.2) and DSU 233
“objective assessment of matter before it” obligation (DSU 11) and
DSU 335, 930
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties
DSU 233, 335, 925,
930
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines
grammar, respect for AG 19
multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33), meaning which best reconciles texts
(VCLT 33(4)) AG 25, DSU 61
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AG 19
means
“any subsequent practice … which establishes the agreement of the
parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT 31(1)(b)) AG 23
practice of Members, need for discernible pattern DSU 31
scheduling practice AG 25
preparatory work (VCLT 32), AG 4.2 AG 19
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, AG 4.2/AG 5
AG 21–2
specific terms and phrases
“any measures of the kind” (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
“converted into” AG 20,
24
“have been converted” AG 21
“have been required to be converted” AG 21
“include” (AG 4.2, footnote 1) AG 20
“minimum import price” (AG 4.2, footnote 1) AG 35
“similar”, as comparative concept AG 37
“similar border measures” (AD 4.2, footnote 1) AG 36–40
“variable import levy” (AD 4.2, footnote 1) AG 33–4
tariff cap, relevance AG 38–9
market access (AG 4)
“have been required to be converted” (AG 4.2) AG 19
measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
border measures
distorting effect AG 40
ordinary customs duties extinguished AG 40
failure to convert by due date, effect AG 19
interpretation, subsequent practice (VCLT 32(3)(b)) AG
23, DSU 31
measure and result of measure distinguished AG 29
special safeguards (AG 5.1) and AG 21–2
timing of obligation AG
19, 30
object and purpose AG 16
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)), statement of allegation of
error on issues of law/legal interpretations (ABWP 20(2)(d)), legal argument
in support of claim distinguished DSU 860
relationships within and between agreements
AG 4.2
footnote 1 AG 20, 41
Guidelines for the Calculation of Tariff Equivalents AG 39
AG 4.2/GATT II:2 GATT 114
AG 4.2/GATT Annex 5 AG 28
AG 4.2/GATT II:1(b) AG
42, DSU 909
AG 4.2/GATT II:2 AG 28
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
implied claims, exclusion DSU 287
“present the problem clearly”, due process considerations
DSU 233
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule
(GATT II:1(b))
customs duties based on exogenous factors AG 26
“ordinary customs duties” GATT
97, DSU 61
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations)
(DSU 17.6)
classification as issue of law or fact, panel’s classification of
measure, relevance DSU 454
“objective assessment of the facts”, evidence, alleged disregard or
distortion by panel, discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 454
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of matter before it”
due process and DSU 335, 930
ultra petita finding on provision not before it DSU
331, 930
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue, legal claim included
in terms of reference, limitation of jurisdiction to DSU 287
identification of specific measures at issue, amendment of measures
following establishment of panel DSU 271–2,
926
Chile
— Price Band System (Panel), WT/DS207/R, DSR 2002:VIII
consultations (DSU 4), measure at issue (DSU 4.4), measure subsequent to
request for consultations, extension of existing measure distinguished DSU 133
consultations (SCM 4.1–4), notification of request for (DSU 4.4),
identification of measure at issue, need for DSU 133
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)
measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence
DSU 497, 499
right of panel or AB not to make suggestions DSU 522
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33), meaning which best
reconciles texts (VCLT 33(4)) DSU 61
means, dictionaries AG
98, DSU 61
publication of findings and reasoned conclusions on all pertinent issues of
fact and law, authorities’ obligation (SG 3.1) GATT 533
“publish”/“make publicly available”, equivalence AG 98
reasoned and adequate explanation need for (SG 3 1)
“as a result of unforeseen developments”
(GATT XIX:1(a)), “demonstration”, need for GATT 533
safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX)
conditions (SG 2)
“as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT XIX:1(a))
“as a pertinent issue of fact and law” /publication (SG 3.1)
GATT 533
“demonstration”, need for GATT 533
duration and review (SG 7), extension of measure (SG 7.1), whether distinct
measure DSU 133
Chile
— Price Band System (Article 21.3), WT/DS207/13, DSR 2003:III
developing countries, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings
(DSU 21.2) DSU 546
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21)
choice of means at Member’s discretion (DSU 21.3) DSU 551
impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3,
chapeau)
“reasonable period”
complexity of implementation process, effect on society and
DSU 576
developing country Members and (DSU 21.2) DSU 548
mandate of arbitrator, limitation to determination of reasonable period of
time for implementation (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 551
China, ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion
ATC 18–19,
26
China, Protocol of Accession, Transitional Review Mechanism
AG 115
Chinese Taipei, ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion
ATC 20
cinematograph film (GATT IV), GATT
practice GATT 314
circumvention of quotas: see Textiles and Clothing Agreement
(ATC), circumvention of quotas (ATC 5)
CIRR (Commercial Interest Reference Rate), relevance to determination of
“material advantage” (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I))
SCM 448–51, 466
Civil Aircraft, Agreement on Trade in (AIR): see also Aircraft
Committee
acceptance provisions (AIR 9) WTO 212
amendments (AIR 9.5) WTO 176
elimination of customs duties and other charges on repairs (AIR 2.1.2),
interpretative note AIR 1, 6
entry into force (1980)/annexation to WTO Agreement (AIR Preamble)
AIR 1–2
product coverage (AIR 1)
Annex on Product Coverage AIR 3
interim application AIR 5
updating AIR 4
reports (WTO IV.8) WTO
130, AIR 7
reservations (AIR 9.2.1) WTO 236
review of implementation (AIR 8) AIR 7
signatories (AIR Preamble) AIR 2
claims and arguments: see notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP
20(2)); request for establishment of panel, requirements
(DSU 6.2), legal
basis of claim; standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7); third party rights
Codex Alimentarius Commission, cooperation with,
Equivalence Decision (SPS 4) SPS 90–1
coherence in global economic policy-making: see
International Monetary Fund (IMF)/WTO
relationship (WTO III:5), Declaration on Coherence in Global Economic Policymaking (1994)
Colombia
ATC notification obligations (ATC 2) ATC 10–11
ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion ATC
51, 68–9,
94–6
“ex-positions” (ATC 2.6) ATC 10–11
COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) Treaty, Enabling
Clause and GATT 33
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance to determination of
“material advantage” (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I))
SCM 448–51, 466
Committee on Certain Milk Products, suspension
IDA 10
Committee on Specific Commitments
establishment GATS 137
terms of reference GATS 137
Committees: see Agriculture
Committee; Anti-Dumping Practices Committee;
Balance of Payments Restrictions, Committee on;
Budget, Finance and
Administration Committee (BFA); Customs Valuation
Committee; Financial
Services, Committee on Trade in; Government Procurement
Committee; Import
Licensing Committee; information technology products, Committee of
Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products;
Market Access Committee; Rules of Origin
Committee; Rules of Origin, Technical
Committee (RO 4); Safeguards Committee; SCM
Committee; SPS Committee;
Technical Barriers to Trade Committee; Trade and Environment, Committee
on;
TRIMs Committee
compensation for non-compliance with covered agreement or DSB
recommendations and rulings (DSU 22): see suspension of concessions
for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
compensation philosophy (Secretariat staff)
WTO 145
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2):
see also standard/powers
of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6);
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel)
(DSU 11); terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
“clarification of existing provisions” DSU 21–2
competence of domestic courts, need to avoid trespassing on
GATT 384
competence of panel and AB compared AD 640–1,
DSU 343, 451
jurisdictional issues, panel’s obligation to determine
DSU 863
not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2)
SPS 215, DSU 27, 83–4,
531
preservation of rights and obligations of Members under covered agreements
GATT 384
right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not adduced by
parties (jura novit curia) DSU 287
competition policy: see trade and competition policy,
interaction between (Doha Declaration, paras. 23–5)
compliance with covered agreement obligations, obligation
breach by other Members, relevance AD
272, 359
as preferred solution (DSU 22.1) DSU 791
procedural obligations AD 220
composition of delegation (appellate review)
legal representation/private counsel DSU 1022–5
Member’s right to determine DSU 845
composition of delegation (panel)
legal representation/private counsel DSU 971–3
Member’s right to determine DSU
492, 821, 971–3
“other advisers” DSU 492
preliminary ruling on DSU 971–3
confidentiality of information (SG 3.2)
AG 108–9
non-confidential summaries (SG 3 2) AG 109
panel’s right to seek information or technical advice (DSU 13/SPS 11.2), relevance
AG 111–13
reasoned and adequate explanation requirement (SG 3.1) and
AG 110
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3): see also
confidentiality of
information (SG 3.2); consultations (DSU 4),
confidentiality; evidentiary
rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), confidential information (AD 6.5);
WTO documents
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s
right to draw (DSU 13) and AG 113, DSU 365
anonymity of individual AB members DSU 477
arbitration (DSU 25.3), acceptance of information or technical advice (DSU
13) and DSU 424, 795
business confidential information (DSU 18.2)
additional procedures, need for
ABWP 16.1 DSU 847
Article 22.6 arbitration DSU 488
panel DSU 485–90
panel’s adoption of own procedures DSU 490
Business Confidential Information Procedures (Canada —
Aircraft Panel)
DSU 485, 486
non-confidential summary DSU 796
obligation to return or destroy DSU 486
parallel confidential/non-confidential reports DSU 489
evidence of breach DSU 491
interim review reports DSU 434
non-confidential summary of arbitrator’s report (Article 22.6
proceedings) DSU 896
non-confidential summary of information (DSU 18.2) DSU 395 n.
727, 484, 796,
819
obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU
487, 491–6,
1024–5
panel’s right to seek information or technical advice (DSU 13/SPS 11.2),
relevance AG 111–13,
DSU 424, 795
parties, applicability of DSU 14 to DSU 432
Rules of Conduct (RoC VII:1) and DSU 841
“submissions” and statements of own position distinguished
DSU 482,
828
third party rights and, joint representation DSU 494–5,
1027–9
time limits for non-disclosure DSU 483
Consolidated Tariff
Schedules (CTS) Database WTO 111,
GATT 74–7
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17)
GATT XXII and XXIII compared AD 593–4,
607, 652–3
identification of specific measures at issue: see also request for
establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), identification of specific
measures at issue, “practice” as measure
legal basis for consultation/claim (AD 17.3/AD 17.4)
legislation as such: see legislation as such, right to challenge
(WTO XVI:4), AD 17.3/AD 17.4
“measure” (AD 17.4), provisional measures AD 615
“matter”, referral to DSB (AD 17.4)
identification of measure at issue, need for (DSU 6.2) AD 611
identification as anti-dumping duty, acceptance of price undertaking or
provisional measure, need for AD 608, 614
“matter” AD 612–13,
DSU 251–2
request for establishment of panel, requirements additional to DSU 6.2
AD 620
request for establishment of panel, requirements (AD 17.5) and requirements
for referral to DSB (DSU 6.2), consistency with requirements of AD 656
special or additional rule and procedure (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), whether
AD 591–2,
607, 662,
DSU 7–9
table of disputes AD 664
consultation and dispute settlement (RO 8),
table of disputes RO 22
consultation and dispute settlement (SPS 11), table of disputes
SPS 187
consultations (ATC 6.7)
obligatory nature ATC
108, DSU 121
provisional application of restraint measures authorized under ATC 10 (ATC
11) and ATC 106, DSU 121
retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10) and ATC 101
specific and factual information as up to date as possible
presentation of
information ATC 95–6
TMB review and ATC 45,
51, 94–8
consultations and dispute settlement (VAL 19), table of disputes
VAL 24
consultations (DSU 4)
acceleration (DSU 4.9), Panel’s workload and DSU 142
adequacy of consultations, Panel responsibilities in relation to
DSU 119–21,
940
confidentiality (DSU 4.6)
disclosure of information obtained in different proceedings
DSU 137
disclosure of information obtained in same proceedings DSU 135–6
offers of settlement during consultations and DSU 138
third party participation and DSU 139
developing country Members and (DSU 4.10), extension of periods agreed
under DSU 4.7 and 4.8 (DSU 12.10) DSU 413
due process, disclosure obligation DSU
118, 922
establishment of panel, as prerequisite
exceptions
agreement within 60 day period that consultations have failed to settle
dispute (DSU 4.7) DSU 122
TMB review proceedings (ATC 8.10) DSU 146
joinder of third parties having “substantial trade
interest” (DSU 4.11)
DSU 158, 319
legal status of offers made in course of unsuccessful consultations
ATC 43, DSU 138, 1140
measure at issue (DSU 4.4), measure subsequent to request for
consultations, extension of existing measure distinguished DSU 133
as unconditional obligation (DSU 4.2) DSU 110
“without prejudice” nature of obligation (DSU 4.6) DSU 110
offers made during consultations and DSU 1140
consultations (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural agreement
DSU 636
consultations (SCM 4.1–4): see also request for establishment
of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)
accelerated nature of proceedings, effect SCM 142–5,
148–9
notification of request for (DSU 4.4) DSU 127
identification of measure at issue, need for DSU 133
object and purpose
clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed
solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 150, 155,
DSU 144
withdrawal of measure SCM 181
as special or additional rules and procedures for dispute settlement (DSU
1.2 and Appendix 2) SCM 145
“statement of available evidence” (SCM 4.2) SCM 145
all facts distinguished SCM 148
disclosure of arguments distinguished SCM 148
DSU 4.4 distinguished AG 147, SCM 145
evidence of nature as subsidy, need for SCM 145
explicit reference, relevance SCM 146
failure to submit, effect SCM 147
new evidence, right to submit, objective assessment (DSU 11) and
SCM 149
ordinary meaning SCM 146
request for establishment of panel (SCM 4.4) distinguished
SCM 151–2,
DSU 131
time-limits, new evidence and allegations SCM 142–4,
DSU 369
consumption of inputs in the production process (SCM, Annex II, footnote
61), difficulty of resolving issues related to SCM 482–4
copyright protection (Berne Convention (1971)): see also TRIPS
Agreement, Berne Convention and (TRIPS 9)
applicability to WTO members (TRIPS 9) TRIPS 38–9
broadcasting to the public (Berne 11bis) TRIPS 41–52
applicability (Berne 11bis(1)) TRIPS 41–6
limitations and exceptions (TRIPS 13) and TRIPS 59–61
compulsory licence, right to substitute (Berne 11bis2)
TRIPS 49
Members’ obligations and right holders exercise of rights distinguished
TRIPS 45, 48
nature and scope of protection TRIPS 47
as specific application of Berne 11 rule TRIPS 46
limitations and exceptions (TRIPS 13) and TRIPS 59–61
minor exceptions doctrine TRIPS 51–2,
60–1
legitimate interests TRIPS 111
preparatory work TRIPS 51
copyright protection (WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996)), conflict with TRIPS provisions, avoidance
TRIPS 42
costs of marketing exports (AG 9.1(d))
general business costs distinguished AG 77
income tax, whether AG 78
cotton (July Package)
Annex A, para. 46
para. 1(b) and Annex A, para. 5
Council for Trade in Goods
functions WTO 61–2
meetings AD 588
role and responsibility in relation to, extension of transition periods
(Art. 5.3) TRIMs 11–14
rules of procedure (1995) WTO 63
subsidiary bodies (WTO IV:6): see also Agriculture
Committee;
Anti-Dumping Practices Committee; Customs Valuation
Committee; Import
Licensing Committee; Market Access Committee;
Notification Obligations and
Procedures, Working Group on; Rules of Origin
Committee; Safeguards Committee; SCM
Committee; SPS Committee; State Trading Enterprises, Working Party
on;
Technical Barriers to Trade Committee; TRIMs Committee
committees as at 31 December 2004 WTO 72
working groups and parties as at 31 December 2004 WTO 71
Council for Trade in Services
functions WTO 64
Guidelines and Procedures for the [Doha] Negotiations (Doha Declaration,
para. 15)
observer status
government GATS 140
international organizations GATS 140
subsidiary Council bodies GATS 140
World Health Organization GATS 141
World Tourism Organization GATS 141
rules of procedure (1995) WTO
66, 149, GATS 139
subsidiary bodies: see rules of procedure
Special Session: see progressive liberalization negotiations (GATS
XIX:3 and Doha Declaration, para. 15), Special Session of the Council for
Trade in Services
subsidiary bodies: see also Committee on Specific
Commitments;
European Union, Working Party on Enlargement; Financial Services, Committee on
Trade in; Movement of Natural Persons, Negotiating Group
on; subsidies (GATS XV); telecommunications, Negotiating Group on Basic
Telecommunications;
Working Party on Domestic Regulation (WPDR); Working Party on GATS
Rules;
Working Party on Professional Services
committees as at 31 December 2004 WTO 78
Council for TRIPS
annual reports WTO 68
functions WTO 67
observer status TRIPS 152
role and responsibilities in relation to
cooperation with WIPO bodies (TRIPs 68)
WTO 137
Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns WTO 127
extension of non-applicability of non-violation complaints (TRIPS 64.3)
WTO 43, 67
geographical indications, negotiations on WTO 67
issues other than those relating to geographical indications for wines and
spirits (Doha Declaration, para. 18)
monitoring of operation of Agreement and compliance with obligations
WTO 67
rationalization of the burden of notifications to WIPO and WTO
WTO 67
rules of procedure (1995) WTO
66, TRIPS 151
Special Session
establishment WTO 127
wines and spirits, geographical indications, responsibility for
negotiations WTO 127, TRIPS 86
subsidiary bodies WTO 77
countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within
specified time-period (SCM 4.10): see also suspension of concessions for
non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
“appropriate” SCM 174,
176–80,
DSU 772–3
adverse trade effects as measure SCM 184–6
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11) SCM
191, DSU 746, 767
footnote 9 and SCM 179–80,
183, DSU 774–5
footnote 10 and SCM 183
nullification or impairment distinguished SCM 174 n.
241, 177, 181–7,
197, DSU 727,
767: see also nullification or impairment (DSU
3.8); suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations
and rulings (DSU 22)
products not in competition, inclusion SCM 187
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11), as special or additional rules and
procedures SCM 192–3,
197, DSU 727,
763, 764, 766–7
burden of proof SCM 187,
195
obligation of other party to present evidence SCM 195
“countermeasure” SCM 174–5,
DSU 770–6
inducement of compliance as objective SCM
174, DSU 648, 770,
772
proportionality, need for SCM 179–80,
183, 197,
DSU 773–5
countermeasures in case of failure to take measures to remove adverse
effects of or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.9), “commensurate with the degree
and nature of the adverse effects”, SCM 4.10 and 4.11 distinguished SCM
184,
221
countervailing duties (SCM, Part V)
balance between rights and obligations relating to, need for
SCM 499
compliance with GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) GATT 316–21,
SCM 49, 235–41,
413–14
measures to which GATT VI not applicable SCM 297
continuing collection of duties imposed prior to entry into force of WTO
Agreement, SCM 32.3 and SCM 403
“countervailing duty” (SCM 10, footnote 36)
“any subsidy bestowed directly or indirectly” SCM 236
“offsetting” requirement SCM 235–6
imposition and collection (SCM 19)
expedited review, right to (SCM 19.3). SCM 283–5
nexus, need for (SCM 19.4), ordinary meaning SCM 286
preconditions (SCM 19.1), standard of proof (SCM 22.1) SCM 321
public notice and explanation of determinations (SCM 22), standard of proof
(SCM 22.1) SCM 321
as remedy to offset benefits of subsidies SCM 499
review of need for continued imposition (SCM 21.2) SCM 297–302
in absence of request SCM 299
administrative review SCM 298
burden/standard of proof SCM 301–2
customs duties
conversion of measures to: see market access (AG
4), measures
required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
“ordinary customs duties” (GATT II(1)(b)/AG 4.2) GATT
97, 114, AG
25–8,
DSU 61
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a)): see also regional trade
agreements (GATT XXIV:5)
chapeau, relationship with GATT 687–9,
691
as defence or exception GATT 687–9
burden of proof GATT 713
economic test GATT 694–6
on formation of customs union, limitation to GATT 687–9,
691
extension of WTO right prior to formation to other constituent members
GATT 710
“would be prevented unless” requirement GATT
709, AG 62–3
requirements GATT 719
definition (GATT XXIV:8(a))
internal trade arrangements (GATT XXIV:8(a)(i)) GATT 708–10,
AG 62–3
GATT practice GATT 711
jurisdiction (panel) to determine compatibility with GATT XXIV requirements
GATT 717
trade with third countries (“substantially the
same”) (GATT
XXIV:8(a)(ii)) GATT 712–13
GATT practice GATT 714
GATT 1994 Understanding on Article XXIV, “general
incidence” of duties
and GATT 692
GATT practice GATT 683,
686, 690,
697
legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4) DSU
171, 1042
as proper party in dispute settlement proceedings DSU 1042
“regulations of commerce”, GATT 1994 Understanding on Article XXIV
GATT 693
safeguard measures (SG 2.1, footnote 1) GATT 722–3
ordinary meaning AG 62
right to exclude members of customs union from AG 65
Customs Valuation Agreement (VAL)
additions to price actually paid or payable (VAL 8), work
“undertaken”
elsewhere than in country of importation (VAL 8.1(b)(iv)) VAL 10
applicable law/tariff, tariff in force on day of importation
VAL 12
carrier media bearing software for data processing equipment (VAL 1)
VAL 3
confidentiality of information (VAL 10)
Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (para. 8) and, VAL 28
delay in final determination of customs value (VAL 13), changes to tariff
after importation, relevance to VAL 12
developing country Members, delayed application and reservations
continuity between WTO and GATT 1947 WTO 205
Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns
(para. 8)
implementation proposals VAL 1
interest charges (VAL 8.1) VAL 9
national legislation (VAL 22)
Checklist of Issues VAL 34
notification procedures VAL 33
reservations (VAL 21) VAL 32
special and differential treatment (VAL 20/VAL, Annex III), continued
application of 1979 Agreement: see special and differential treatment
(VAL 20/VAL, Annex III)
Technical Customs Valuation Committee (VAL 18.2 and VAL, Annex II), GATT
practice VAL 36
truth or accuracy of customs declaration, rights of customs administrations
to satisfy themselves on (VAL 17), decision relating to (1995) VAL 16
Customs Valuation Committee
adoption of practice of Tokyo Round Committee on Information on Technical
Assistance VAL 26
adoption of Tokyo Round Committee decisions VAL 2
carrier media bearing software for data processing equipment (VAL 1)
VAL 3
Checklist of Issues VAL 34
interpretation of term “development” (VAL 8.1(b)(iv))
VAL 11
interpretation of term “undertaken” (VAL 8.1(b)(iv))
VAL 10
notification procedures VAL 33
rectification of French text, Note to Articles 2 and 3, para. 1
VAL 4
reservations VAL 32
treatment of interest charges (VAL 8 1) VAL 9
annual reports VAL 22
decisions relating to
VAL 17 (customs administrations’ rights to satisfy themselves on truth or
accuracy of customs declarations) VAL 16
Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns
(para. 8.3), VAL 17–18
VAL, Annex III, para. 2 VAL 38
establishment WTO 72
observer status VAL 19–20
PSI Agreement, monitoring of VAL 23
rules of procedure (1995) WTO
73, VAL 21
technical assistance work programme (VAL 20.3) VAL 30
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