See also:
>
Director-Generals letter to journalists
> Background
> Least-developed
countries (LDCs)
> Agriculture
> Sanitary
and phytosanitary (SPS) measures
> Trade
in services
> Implementation
issues
> Intellectual
property (TRIPS)
> Textiles
and clothing
> Information
technology (IT) products
> Trade
and environment
> Trade
and investment
> Trade
and competition policy
> Transparency
in government procurement
> Trade
facilitation
> Trade
and labour standards
> Disputes
> Electronic
commerce
> Members
and accession
> Regional
trade agreements
> Some
facts and figures
> Glossary
of terms
|
(All figures from the WTO unless source specified)
World trade and output
back
to top
Selected Indicators,
1948-2000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average annual change
% |
|
|
1948 |
1950 |
1973 |
1990 |
2000 |
194873 |
197300 |
194800 |
199000 |
|
World merchandise exports |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Billion current $
|
58 |
61 |
579 |
3 ,338 |
6,186 |
9.7 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
6.0 |
|
Billion constant 1990$
|
304 |
376 |
1797 |
3 ,338 |
6,627 |
7.4 |
5.0 |
6.1 |
6.9 |
|
Exports per capita, 1990$
|
123 |
149 |
458 |
645 |
1,094 |
5.4 |
3.3 |
4.3 |
5.4 |
|
World exports of manufactures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Billion current $
|
22 |
23 |
348 |
2 ,390 |
4,630 |
11.7 |
10.1 |
10.8 |
6.8 |
|
Billion constant 1990$
|
93 |
112 |
955 |
2 ,390 |
5 ,031 |
9.8 |
6.3 |
8.0 |
7.7 |
|
Exports per capita, 1990$
|
38 |
44 |
244 |
455 |
831 |
7.8 |
4.6 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
|
World output
(Indices, 1990=100) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total merchandise production
|
16.9 |
18.4 |
64.3 |
100.0 |
126.5 |
5.5 |
2.5 |
3.9 |
2.4 |
|
manufacturing output
|
10.9 |
12.8 |
60.3 |
100.0 |
130.2 |
7.1 |
2.9 |
4.9 |
2.7 |
|
GDP (billion,
1990$)
|
3 ,935 |
4 ,285 |
13 ,408 |
22 ,490 |
28 ,115 |
5.0 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
2.3 |
|
GDP per
capita (1990$)
|
1 ,591 |
1 ,700 |
3,420 |
4,280 |
4 ,642 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
|
GDP (billion, current $ ,
at market rates) a
|
|
775 |
4 ,908 |
22 ,490 |
32,236 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
7.7 |
3.7 |
|
World population (million) |
2 ,473 |
2 ,521 |
3 ,920 |
5 ,255 |
6,057 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
|
Exports of goods and services, to GDP, at constant 1987
prices, % |
|
8.0 |
14.9 |
19.7 |
29.5 |
|
|
|
|
a Growth rates refer to 1950 instead of
1948.
Sources. Population: UN World Population Prospects.
GDP, current: IMF World Economic Outlook. GDP, 1987 prices: World Bank
and WTO. Trade: WTO International Trade Statistics
World trade and output growth by sector, 2000
back
to top
(Annual percentage change in volume)
| |
Exports |
Output |
|
Manufactures |
14.5 |
6.0 |
|
Agricultural products |
8.0 |
1.0 |
|
Mining products |
0.5 |
3.5 |
|
Total merchandise |
12.0 |
4.5 |
|
GDP |
|
4.0 |
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, chart 1
World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 19902001
back
to top
(Billion dollars and percentage)
| |
Value |
Annual percentage change |
| |
2000 |
19902000 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Merchandise |
6186 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
12.5 |
1.0 |
|
Commercial services |
1435 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
6.0 |
|
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, table 1
Least-developed countries (LDCs), merchandise exports by selected
country group, 19902000 back
to top
(Billion dollars and percentage)
| |
Value |
Annual percentage change |
| |
2000 |
19902000 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
|
Total LDCs |
34 |
7 |
-6 |
12 |
28 |
|
Oil exporters (4) a |
15 |
11 |
-30 |
50 |
63 |
|
Exporters of manufactures (7) b |
11 |
14 |
20 |
5 |
23 |
|
Commodity exporters (29) |
8 |
1 |
-1 |
-6 |
-3 |
|
LDCs with civil strife (6) c |
1 |
-7 |
-12 |
-8 |
-3 |
|
World |
6186 |
6.0 |
-1.5 |
4.0 |
12.5 |
a Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan and
Yemen.
b Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao Peoples
Dem. Rep., Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar and Nepal.
c Afghanistan, Burundi, Congo Dem. Rep,
Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Somalia.
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, table 8
Developing economies trade and output growth, 1990-2000
back
to top
(Annual percentage change)
| |
Developing economies |
World |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
19902000 |
19902000 |
|
GDP |
3.0 |
5.2 |
4.5 |
2.8 |
|
Merchandise export volume |
7.0 |
15.0 |
9.0 |
7.0 |
|
Merchandise import volume |
4.5 |
15.5 |
8.0 |
7.0 |
|
Merchandise export value |
9.5 |
24.0 |
9.0 |
6.0 |
|
Merchandise import value |
4.0 |
21.0 |
9.0 |
6.0 |
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, table 2
Gulf Cooperation Council states, merchandise trade
back
to top
|
|
|
|
Average annual change
% |
|
|
Total merchandise trade
2000
$bn |
Trade per capita
2000
$ |
Exports growth
19902000 |
Exports growth
2000 |
Imports growth
19902000 |
Imports growth
2000 |
|
Bahrain |
10.3 |
15,540 |
4.3 |
39.7 |
2.2 |
28.5 |
|
Kuwait |
27.2 |
12,810 |
10.7 |
60.0 |
6.7 |
0.1 |
|
Oman |
16.4 |
6,780 |
7.5 |
56.7 |
6.5 |
7.8 |
|
Qatar |
12.7 |
22,500 |
9.2 |
30.0 |
7.0 |
33.6 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
114.4 |
5,340 |
6.6 |
65.6 |
2.3 |
8.2 |
|
United Arab Emirates |
71.8 |
26,810 |
6.8 |
28.6 |
11.0 |
4.1 |
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, chart 9
Acceding countries merchandise trade: China, Chinese Taipei,
Vanuatu
back
to top
|
|
|
|
Average annual change
% |
|
|
Total merchandise trade
2000 |
Trade per capita
2000
$ |
Exports growth
19902000 |
Exports growth
2000 |
Imports growth
19902000 |
Imports growth
2000 |
|
China |
$ 474.4bn |
370 |
14.9 |
27.7 |
15.5 |
35.8 |
|
Taipei, Chinese |
$ 288.3bn |
12,930 |
8.2 |
22.1 |
9.8 |
26.2 |
|
Vanuatu |
$ 95m |
470 |
2.8 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
27.1 |
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2001,
overview, chart 10
GATT/WTO: 50 years of tariff reductions
back
to top
MFN tariff reduction of industrial countries for industrial
products, excluding petroleum
|
Implementation period |
Round covered |
Weighted tariff reduction |
|
194863 |
First five GATT rounds (194762) a |
36 |
|
196872 |
Kennedy Round (196467) b |
37 |
|
198087 |
Tokyo Round (19731979) c |
33 |
|
199599 |
Uruguay Round (198694) d |
38 |
Note : Tariff reductions
for the first five trade rounds refer to US only
a Source: US Tariff Commission, Operations of the Trade
Agreements Program,
1st to 13th report covering June 1934 to June 1960
b refers to four markets: US, Japan, EC(6), and UK.
Source: Ernest H Preeg, Traders and Diplomats, Tables 13-1 to
134
and WTO calculations based on 1964 import values
c refers to eight markets: US, EU(9), Japan, Austria, Finland,
Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
Source: GATT, COM.TD/W/315, 4.7.1980, p.2021 and WTO calculations
d refers to eight markets: US, EU(12), Japan, Austria, Finland,
Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
Source: GATT, The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral
Trade Negotiations,
November 1994, Appendix Table 5 and WTO calculations
52 years of
GATT/WTO 1948-2000
back
to top
- Merchandise trade in real terms grew by 6% annually, or 22 fold.
- Merchandise output grew by 4% annually, or 7 fold.
- The ratio of goods and services to GDP rose from 8% in 1950
to 29.5% in 2000 (measured in constant 1987 prices)
- Aggregate world trade in 2000 was $7.6 trillion, of
which $6.2 trillion (81%) was merchandise and $1.4
trillion (19%) was commercial services. (Merchandise trade in 1948
was $58 billion.)
- GDP per capita grew by 2% annually.
- On average, per capita income is nearly 3 times higher in
2000 than in 1948.
FDI flows and global integration
back
to top
- Global FDI flows grew 53 fold (or 16% annually)
between 1973 and 2000.
- Global FDI flows reached $1271 billion in 2000 ($24 billion
in 1973, $60 billion in 1985).
- Global FDI inward stock rose 10 fold since 1980 or 12%
annually.
- Global FDI inward stock stood at $6,310 billion in
2000.
- Cross-border mergers & acquisitions topped $1,144 billion
in 2000, nearly 8 times the average of $145 billion
during 1990-94.
- The ratio of FDI inward stock to GDP nearly tripled between 1980
and 2000 globally, from 6.0% to 17.3%.
- For developing countries, the corresponding ratio almost tripled
from 10.2% to 28.0%.
- For least-developed countries, the ratio rose five fold from 2.8%
in 1980 to 14.2% in 2000.
(Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2001.)
Duty-free treatment for imports from least-developed countries
back
to top
- In 2000, US imports from the 48 least-developed countries (LDCs)
amounted to $8.9 billion or 0.7% of total US
merchandise imports.
- If US granted duty-free treatment to imports from LDCs, the US
tariff revenue loss would be $673 million out of a total
US tariff revenue of $19,700 million.
(Source: US Department of Commerce.)
Global benefits from 40% cuts in trade protection
back
to top
(Figures from World Bank
conference paper "Agriculture & Non-Agricultural
Liberalization in the Millennium Round", October 1999)
Estimated global gains as a result of 40% cuts in protection
by 2005 in the following areas:
- Agricultural subsidies & market price support
$69.3 billion
- Tariffs on manufactures & mining products
$69.6 billion
- Business, finance & construction services
$21.6 billion
- Trade, transport & government services
$332.6 billion
|
