Balance of Payments, Declaration on Trade Measures for Purposes of
(1979): see Balance of Payments, Understanding on GATT
XII and XVIII:B and the provisions of the Declaration on Trade Measures
taken for Balance of Payments Purposes (1979)
balance of payments difficulties, developing country Members’ right to
take import measures (GATT
XVIII:B): see also Balance of
Payments, Understanding on GATT XII and XVIII:B and the provisions of
the Declaration on Trade Measures taken for Balance of Payments Purposes
(1979)
consultations: see balance of payments
restrictions, consultations (BOPU 13/GATT
XII:4/GATT XVIII:12/GATS XXII:5)
difficulties from efforts to expand internal
markets and (GATT XVIII:8)
equilibrium, obligation to pay due regard to (GATT
XVIII:11)
instability in terms of trade and (GATT
XVIII:8)
progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11
and Note Ad)
restrictions giving priority to products essential
to development (GATT XVIII:10)
conditions
restrictions, right to impose (GATT
XVIII:9)
conditions
right (GATT
XVIII:2)
balance of payments restrictions (Balance of Payments Understanding):
see Balance of Payments Restrictions Committee (WTO
IV:7);
Balance of Payments, Understanding on GATT XII and XVIII:B and the
provisions of the Declaration on Trade Measures taken for Balance of
Payments Purposes (1979)
Balance of Payments Restrictions Committee (WTO
IV:7)
applicability of, full consultation procedures
(1970) (BISD 18S/48-53), applicability (BOPU 5)
functions
at request of Member (BOPU
10)
consultations on balance of payments restrictions:
see balance of payments restrictions, consultations (BOPU
13/GATT
XII:4/GATT XVIII:12/GATS XXII:5)
review of balance of payments restrictions (BOPU
10): see also Balance of Payments, Understanding on GATT XII and
XVIII:B and the provisions of the Declaration on Trade Measures taken
for Balance of Payments Purposes (1979), review of measures under GATT
XII:4(b) or XVIII:12(b)
General Council recommendations (BOPU
13)
assessment of Members’ rights and obligations in
light of
time-schedule, adherence to as compliance with
GATT obligations
membership (BOPU 5)
reporting procedures, consultations (BOPU
13)
reports to General Council following consultation,
requirements (BOPU 13)
full consultation procedures and
conclusions together with facts and reasons for
recommendations promoting implementation of GATT
XII and XVIII:B, 1979 Declaration and BOPU
record of views in absence of recommendations
simplified consultation procedures and
balance of payments restrictions, consultations (BOPU
13/ GATT XII:4/GATT
XVIII:12/GATS XXII:5)
BOP Understanding,
paras. 5-13
finding of inconsistency
action (GATT
XII:4(c)(i)/GATT
XVIII:12(c)(i))
serious inconsistency (GATT
XII:4(c)(ii)/GATT
XVIII:12(c)(ii))
special external factors adversely affecting trade
and (GATT XII:4(e) and Ad
Article)
IMF findings, acceptance of (GATS
XII:5(e))
obligation to consult
“immediately”
GATT XII:4(a)
GATT XVIII:12(a)
“promptly” (GATS
XII:5(a))
procedures
Basic Document, requirements (BOPU
11)
description of restrictions, legal basis and
measures to reduce side-effects
measures taken to
liberalize restrictions in light of last consultation
overview of situation and prospects including
relevant factors and domestic policy measures
plan for elimination/progressive reduction of
remaining restrictions
simplified procedures and
in case of new restrictions or substantial
intensification of measures (BOPU 9/GATT
XII:4(a))
developing and least-developed country Members
(Declaration, para. 9 and BOPU 8)
establishment (GATS
XII:5(b))
GATS/GATT equivalence (footnote
4)
expeditious determination, need for
GATT XII:4(f)
GATT XVIII:12(f)
General Council recommendations: see
Balance of Payments Restrictions Committee (WTO
IV:7), General Council
recommendations (BOPU 13)
Ministerial Decision on
periodicity of consultation, alteration (BOPU
7)
relevant factors (BOPU 6)
reports: see Balance of Payments
Restrictions Committee (WTO IV:7), reports to General Council following
consultation, requirements (BOPU 13)
request for consultation
in absence of (BOPU 6)
prima facie case of inconsistency and adverse
effects, need for (GATT XII:4(d)/GATT XVIII:12(d))
under GATT XII:4(a) or
XVIII:12(a) (BOPU
6)
rights
to request information (Chairman)
to request review (Member)
to seek clarifications in course of consultation
(Committee member)
to submit questions in advance (Committee member)
secrecy requirement (Ad
Article)
Secretariat background paper (BOPU
12)
developing country Members and
simplified consultation procedures (1972) (BISD
20S/47-49), applicability (BOPU 8)
Basic Document requirements and (BOPU
11)
report to General Council following consultation
and (BOPU 13)
time-limits (BOPU 6)
recommendation of withdrawal or modification (GATT
XII:4/XVIII:12(c)(ii))
recommendation of withdrawal or modification (GATT XII:4(d)/ GATT XVIII:12(c)(ii))
failure to comply
restrictions, review (GATT XVIII:12(b) and
Ad Article)
scope (GATS
XII:5(c))
compliance with GATS XII:2
(GATS XII:5(d))
withdrawal from GATT, right of (GATT
XVIII:12(e))
balance of payments restrictions (GATT
XVIII:B), DSU,
applicability to disputes relating to
balance of payments, restrictions to safeguard (GATS
XII): see also balance of payments difficulties, developing country Members’
right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B); balance of payments,
restrictions to safeguard (GATT XII); Balance of Payments, Understanding
on GATT XII and XVIII:B and the provisions of the Declaration on Trade
Measures taken for Balance of Payments Purposes (1979)
consultations: see balance of payments
restrictions, consultations (BOPU 13/GATT XII:4/GATT
XVIII:12/GATS XXII:5)
economic or development programmes, priority (GATS
XII:3)
Members in process of economic development or
transition and (GATS XII:1)
non-IMF Member, review procedure (GATS
XII:6)
notification obligations (GATS
XII:4)
requirements
avoidance of unnecessary damage to interests of
another Member (GATS XII:2(c))
IMF Articles of Agreement, consistency with (GATS
XII:2(b))
non-discrimination (GATS
XII:2(a))
progressive phase-out (GATS
XII:2(e))
proportionality (“not exceed those necessary
to deal with”) (GATS XII:2(d))
serious difficulties or threat thereof (GATS
XII:1)
balance of payments, restrictions to safeguard (GATT
XII): see also Balance of Payments Restrictions Committee (WTO
IV:7); Balance of Payments, Understanding on GATT XII and XVIII:B
and the provisions of the Declaration on Trade Measures taken for
Balance of Payments Purposes (1979), review of measures under GATT
XII:4(b) or XVIII:12(b)
consultations on new measures or substantial
intensification of existing measures, obligation (BOPU
9/GATT XII:4(a)):
see balance of payments restrictions, consultations (BOPU
13/GATT
XII:4/GATT XVIII:12/ GATS XXII:5), procedures
employment/economic development measures and (GATT
XII:3(d))
equilibrium, obligation to pay due regard to (GATT
XII:3(a) and GATT XVIII:11)
international trade considerations
essential products, right to give priority to (GATT
XII:3(b))
obligation to avoid (GATT
XII:3)
damage to commercial or economic interests of
other party (GATT XII:3(c)(i) and
Ad Article)
prevention of compliance with intellectual
property protection procedures (GATT
XII:3(c)(iii))
prevention of importation of samples (GATT
XII:3(c)(iii))
unreasonable prevention of imports (GATT
XII:3(c)(ii))
persistent and widespread restrictions as
indication of disequilibrium (GATT
XII:5)
right to impose (GATT
XII:1)
“shall not exceed those necessary” (GATT
XII:2(a))
progressive relaxation (GATT
XII:2(b))
in response to imminent threat or actual serious
decline in reserves (GATT
XII:2(a)(i))
special factors, relevance
to achieve reasonable rate of increase (GATT
XII:2(a)(ii))
Balance of Payments, Understanding on
GATT XII and XVIII: B and the
provisions of the Declaration on Trade Measures taken for Balance of
Payments Purposes (1979): see also balance of payments
difficulties, developing country Members’ right to take import
measures (GATT XVIII:B)
application of measures
allowable quantities or values, justification (BOPU
4)
discretionary licensing, avoidance/phasing out (BOPU
4)
justification of criteria (BOPU
4)
limitation to balance of payments requirements (BOPU
4)
multiple restrictions on same product, exclusion (BOPU
3)
transparency and (BOPU 4)
as constituent part of GATT 1994 (GATT 1994,
1(c)(iii))
consultation procedures: see balance of
payments restrictions, consultations (BOPU 13/GATT XII:4/GATT
XVIII:12/GATS XXII:5)
consultation procedures (BOPU
8)
Basic Paper and (BOPU
11)
Secretariat background paper and (BOPU
12)
consultation procedures (BOPU 8 and
TPRM E)
DSU, applicability
“essential products” (GATT XII:3 and
XVIII:10 and BOPU 4)
notification obligation (BOPU
9)
format and required information
frequency
General Council, role (BOPU
9)
introduction of or changes to measures
modification of time-schedule for removal
review of notification (BOPU
10): see
Balance of Payments Restrictions Committee (WTO
IV:7), functions, review
of balance of payments restrictions (BOPU 10)
price-based measures (BOPU
2)
review of measures under GATT XII:4(b) or
XVIII:12(b)
at request of Member (BOPU
10)
periodic review (BOPU 7)
scope of review (BOPU
10)
timing (Ad
Article)
rights and obligations under GATT XII and
XVIII:B,
effect on (footnote 1)
time-schedule for elimination of restrictions (BOPU
1)
adherence to as compliance with GATT obligations (BOPU
13)
modification
notification obligation (BOPU
9)
public announcement, need for
balance of rights and obligations as objective
DSU 3.3
GATS Preamble/GATS XIX:1
TRIPS 7
benefit: see subsidy, definition (SCM
1), conferral of
benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
Berne Convention (1971): see copyright protection (Berne
Convention (1971) and TRIPS 9)
BFA Committee: see Committee on Budget, Finance and
Administration (BFA) (WTO IV:7)
border measures/suspension of release by customs authorities (TRIPS):
see also market access (AG 4), measures required to be converted
into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and
footnote 1); national treatment
on internal taxation and regulation, general principle (GATT III:1),
applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of importation
(“internal measures”) (GATT Ad Article
III)
applicability (TRIPS
51)
counterfeit trademark or pirated copyright goods
“counterfeit trademark goods” (footnote
14(a))
“pirated copyright goods” (footnote
14(b))
goods involving infringements other than
counterfeit trademarks or pirated copyright
goods put on market by or with consent of right
holder (footnote 13)
goods in transit (footnote
13)
infringing goods destined for export
compensation for injury caused by wrongful
detention (TRIPS 56)
customs unions and (footnote
12)
de minimis imports (TRIPS
60)
disposal or destruction (TRIPS
59)
duration (TRIPS
55)
provisional measures (TRIPS
50.6) and
establishment of procedures (TRIPS
51)
ex officio action (TRIPS
58)
appeal against (TRIPS
58(b))
exemption of public authorities and officials (TRIPS
58(c))
information, right to
ex officio action and (TRIPS
58(c))
following determination (TRIPS
57)
inspection, right of (TRIPS
57)
confidential information and
importer
right holder
notification obligations
notice of acceptance of application/determination
(TRIPS 52)
notice of suspension (TRIPS
54)
notification of suspension ex officio (TRIPS
58(b))
re-exportation of counterfeit trademark goods (TRIPS
59)
requirements (TRIPS
52)
description of goods adequate for recognition
notification of acceptance of
application/determination
prima facie evidence of infringement (TRIPS
52)
review, right to (TRIPS
55)
security or equivalent assurance to protect
defendant/prevent abuse (TRIPS
53.1)
release of goods and
remedies, effect on availability of (TRIPS
53.2)
suspension by decision of non-judicial/independent
body (TRIPS 53.2)
unreasonable use of
border measures/suspension of release by customs authorities (TRIPS). ex
officio action (TRIPS 58), information, right to (TRIPS
58(a))
budget and contributions (WTO VII): see also
Committee on
Budget, Finance and Administration (BFA) (WTO
IV:7)
annual budget estimate (WTO
VII:1)
adoption by General Council (WTO
VII:3)
approval by General Council (WTO
VII:1)
arrears, measures in respect of (WTO
VII:2(b))
BFA recommendations (WTO
VII:1).
contributions, obligation to pay promptly (WTO
VII:4).
financial regulations (WTO
VII:2-4)
adoption by General Council (WTO
VII:3)
GATT 1947 regulations and practices as basis (WTO
VII:2)
organizational and financial consequences of
establishment of WTO, Ministerial Decision
burden of proof
fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD
2.4/GATT VI:1)
nullification or impairment (DSU
3.8)
patented process (TRIPS
34)
reversal in respect of circumvention of export
subsidy commitments (AG 10.3)
SCM provisions
countervailing measures (SCM
21.2)
“serious prejudice” (SCM
27.8)
SPS measures
equivalence (SPS
4.1)
pest— or disease free areas (SPS
6.3)
TBT regulation, as obstacle to trade (TBT
2.5)
business confidential information: see confidential
business information (PSI 2.9-13); confidential business information (SCM
8.3, footnote 34); confidential/undisclosed information, protection
(TRIPS), protection against unfair competition and (TRIPS
39)
business practices (GATS IX)
consultation for elimination of restrictive
practices (GATS IX:2)
information, obligation to provide (GATS
IX:2) and
confidential information
domestic law and
publicly available non-confidential information
as restraint of competition (GATS
IX:1)
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