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balance of
payments difficulties, developing country Members’ right to take import
measures (GATT XVIII:B) GATT 429
adequacy to forestall the threat of or stop a serious
decline in monetary reserves (GATT XVIII:9(a)) GATT
496-7
IMF information as evidence of GATT 497
change in development policy, exclusion of requirement
for (GATT XVIII:9)
burden of proof GATT 498
macroeconomic policy instruments and structural measures
distinguished GATT 505
competence of panel to examine justification GATT
489-91, 506
DSU, applicability to disputes relating to DSU 5
GATT XVIII:2 GATT 488
GATT practice GATT 494,
520
inadequacy of reserves (GATT XVIII:9(b)) GATT
496-7
justification (GATT XVIII:9)
Ad Note GATT XVIII:11 and GATT
500-4
critical date for evaluation by panel GATT 495
phase-out, right to in absence of balance of payments
difficulties (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 493,
507, 510
progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11),
General Council/BOB Committee role (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT
492-3
progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11) Ad
Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions)
GATT 500-4
causal relationship (“would produce”) GATT 503
“gradual relaxation” GATT 501
temporal sequence (“thereupon”) GATT 504
threat of return, sufficiency GATT 501
right (GATT XVIII:2) GATT 488
special or additional rules and procedures for dispute
settlement (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) and DSU 5
Balance of
Payments Restrictions, Committee on
adoption of notification format (BOP Understanding, para.
9) GATT 515
annual reports WTO 101
establishment WTO 78,
99, GATT 511
observer status GATT 514
reporting procedures GATT 517
rules of procedure (1995) WTO
54, 100, GATT 513
terms of reference WTO
99, GATT 512
balance of
payments restrictions (GATT XII)
developing country Members (GATT XVIII) distinguished
GATT 429, 488
GATT practice GATT 430
“restrictions made effective through state-trading
organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 428
balance of
payments, restrictions to safeguard (GATS XII)
competence, Ministerial Conference (WTO IV:1) WTO 42
notification format (GATS XII:4) GATS 61
Balance of
Payments Understanding (BOP)
DSU, applicability (BOB Understanding, footnote 1) GATT
489-91
notification format (para. 9) GATT 515
preparatory work, absence of GATT 489
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI) and
GATT 395
status in relation to GATT XII and XVIII:B GATT
346, 508, DSU 5
time-schedule (para. 13) GATT
493, 510, 516
Bananas,
Decision on Transitional Regime for the EC Autonomous Tariff Rate Quotas on
Imports of (Doha) WTO 38, 46
text
benefit:
see
subsidy, definition (SCM 1), conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
Berne
Convention (1971): see copyright protection (Berne Convention
(1971)); copyright protection (Berne Convention (1971)), broadcasting to the public
(Berne 11bis);
TRIPS Agreement, Berne Convention and (TRIPS 9)
BFA
Committee: see Budget, Finance and Administration Committee
biodiversity,
protection, patentability of plant and animal inventions (TRIPS 27.3(b)),
review (Doha Declaration, para. 19)
blue box (AG
6.5 and July package, Annex A, para. 16)
border
measures: see market access (AG 4), measures required to be converted into
ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1); national treatment, general
principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point
of importation (“internal measures”) (GATT Ad Art. III)
Border Tax
Adjustment, Working Party on, “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4),
criteria GATT 157, 162,
166, 239
Brazil, ATC
safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion ATC
48, 108
Brazil
— Aircraft dispute (WT/DS46), implementation of recommendations and rulings of
the DSB (DSU 21), ad hoc procedural agreements, establishment of panel DSU 637
Brazil
— Aircraft (AB), WT/DS46/AB/R, DSR 1999:III
burden of proof
developing country Members SCM 3.1(a) (Annex I
(Illustrative List of Export Subsidies))/SCM 27 SCM
115-16, DSU 1013
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 443
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3)
business confidential information (DSU 18.2)
additional procedures (ABWP 16.1), need for DSU 847
obligation to return or destroy DSU 486
Rules of Conduct (RoC VII:1) and DSU 841
consultations (SCM 4.1-4), object and purpose,
clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed
solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 150, 155,
DSU 144
developing country Members (SCM 27)
exemption from SCM 3.1(a) (transitional period) (SCM
27.3), as part of balance of obligations and rights DSU 918 n. 1332
phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4)
benchmark period (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM 357
burden of proof SCM
364-5
“grant” (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM
138, 354
inflation, relevance SCM 356
SCM 25, relevance SCM 334
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (item (k))
“benefit” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM
77, 447
burden of proof SCM 443
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM
448
international undertaking on official export credits
(item (k), second paragraph) (“safe haven”), “in the field of export
credit terms” SCM 454
“used to secure a material advantage” SCM
443, 446,
447
“material” SCM 447
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB
(DSU 21), impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU
21.3, chapeau), SCM Agreement, applicability to DSU 569
interpretation of covered agreements
means, different language in same agreement SCM 447
specific terms and phrases, “grant” (SCM 27.4,
footnote 55) SCM 136-7,
353-4
preliminary rulings on, confidentiality issues DSU
847,
968
relationships within and between agreements
SCM 3.1/SCM 27.4 SCM
115-16, DSU 1013
SCM 3.1(a)/SCM 27.4 DSU 917
SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 138
SCM 25/SCM 27.4 SCM 334
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2)
identification of specific measures at issue
amendment of measures before establishment of panel DSU
267
specific measure the subject of consultations, need for
identity with, whether SCM 155, DSU 144
Rules of Conduct (ABWP 8-11), confidentiality of
proceedings and (RoC VII:1) DSU 841
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)), SCM Illustrative
List, Item (k) and SCM 77
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), conferral of
benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) as parallel requirement SCM 3
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7),
time limits, DSU 21.3 provisions, relevance DSU 569
Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)),
adoption, AB authority DSU 486
Brazil
— Aircraft (Panel), WT/DS46/R, DSR 1999:III
burden of proof, phase out/standstill obligation (SCM
27.4) SCM 364-5
consultations (SCM 4.1-4), object and purpose,
clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed
solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 155, DSU 128
developing country Members, WTO Agreement Preamble and
WTO 7
developing country Members (SCM 27) WTO 7
phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4)
burden of proof SCM
364-5
constant or nominal values as determining factor SCM 356
“grant” (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM
353-4
actual expenditure, limitation to SCM
358-9
“inconsistent with its development needs”,
responsibility for determining SCM 361-3
“prohibited” subsidy status (SCM 3.1(a)) and SCM
114, 338
SCM 27.2(b) and SCM
114, 338-9,
343
“shall phase out” SCM
350-2
developing country Members SCM Agreement and WTO 7
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (item (k))
“benefit” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 447
international undertaking on official export credits
(item (k), second paragraph) (“safe haven”), “in the field of export
credit terms” SCM 454
“used to secure a material advantage” SCM 446
offset of advantage, sufficiency to prohibit measure
(items (e)-(i)) SCM 430
“provision … through government-mandated schemes …
on terms more favourable …” (item (d)) SCM 429
interpretation of covered agreements
means, same or closely related phrases in same
agreement, SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 136
ordinary meaning “in the field of export credit terms”
(Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)) SCM 454
relationships within and between agreements
SCM 3.1/SCM 27.2(b) SCM
114, 338-9
SCM 3.1/SCM 27.4 SCM
114, 338-9
SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM
136-8
SCM 27.2(b)/SCM 27.3 SCM 343
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2)
consultations, indication as to whether held DSU 166
DSB’s obligation to examine absence DSU 166
panel’s obligation to examine absence DSU 166
identification of specific measures at issue, specific
measure the subject of consultations, need for identity with, whether SCM
155,
DSU 166
request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM
4.4), consultations, failure to reach mutually agreed solution DSU 166
SCM Agreement, object and purpose (SCM 1), multilateral
disciplines on subsidies distorting international trade SCM
359, 496
special or additional rules and procedures for dispute
settlement (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), SCM 4.2 SCM 165
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1))
direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), timing of
transfer, relevance SCM 17
potential direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM
15
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7), “without
delay”, DSU 21.3 and SCM 165, 171
Brazil
— Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Canada) (AB), WT/DS46/AB/RW, DSR 2000:VIII and DSR
2000:IX
burden of proof, export credits at rates below actual
cost funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM
469
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (item (k))
as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 452
burden of proof SCM 469
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM
449
“used to secure a material advantage” SCM
443, 447
municipal law, as justification for failure to fulfil
international obligations, exclusion (VCLT 27) DSU 357
relationships within and between agreements, SCM 3.1(a)/SCM
Illustrative List, item (k) SCM 444
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5),
burden of proof DSU 623
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7)
continuation of payments SCM
159-60, 188
“without delay”, private contractual arrangements,
relevance SCM 167, 188
Brazil
— Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Canada) (Panel), WT/DS46/RW, DSR 2000:VIII and DSR
2000:IX
burden of proof, export credits at rates below actual
cost funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM
443
composition of delegation (panel)
Member’s right to determine DSU
492, 821
“other advisers” DSU 492
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), obligation to
respect/ensure respect for DSU 492-3
developing country Members, WTO Agreement Preamble and
WTO 6
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I),
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), “export
credit” SCM 444
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU
19.1), mechanisms, absence DSU 530
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB
(DSU 21), surveillance, mechanisms DSU 530
interpretation of covered agreements ordinary meaning,
“export credit” (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM
Annex I), item (k)) SCM 444
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7),
repayment of past subsidy/retroactive effect SCM 163
WTO Preamble, legal relevance WTO 6
Brazil
— Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Canada II) (Panel), WT/DS46/RW/2, DSR 2001:X
burden of proof
affirmative defence DSU 188
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM
469-71, 472
mandatory/discretionary legislation distinction DSU 188
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), parties, applicability
DSU 14 to DSU 432
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (item (k))
as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM
452, 463,
472
burden of proof SCM 71,
472
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM
450-1
international undertaking on official export credits
(item (k), second paragraph) (“safe haven”)
“interest rates provisions” SCM
464-5
legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary
distinction) SCM 478
matching derogation, permissibility SCM 476
OECD Arrangement SCM
464-5
“successor undertaking” SCM
456-7
relationship with SCM 3.1(a), determination by footnote
5 SCM 452
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines, effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat
quam pereat/effet utile) SCM 462
ordinary meaning, “interest rate support”
(Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), item (k)) SCM 464
specific terms and phrases, “grant” (SCM 27.4,
footnote 55) SCM 139
legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4),
mandatory/discretionary legislation, distinguishability, affirmative defence
and DSU 188
relationships within and between agreements, SCM 3.2/SCM
27.4 SCM 139
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2), identification of specific measures at issue DSU 257
subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))
“benefit” SCM 50
“recipient of a benefit” SCM 52
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge
(mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 56-9,
478
financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1))
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)), as parallel
requirement SCM 4
direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 12
Brazil
— Aircraft (Article 22.6 — Brazil), WT/DS46/ARB, DSR 2002:I
arbitration (DSU 22.6)
burden of proof, SCM 4.11 and DSU 691
multiple complainants DSU 766
scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (DSU 22.7)
ad hoc procedural agreements for implementation of DSB
recommendations and rulings DSU 643
determination of “equivalence” (DSU 22.3),
methodology paper, request for DSU 730
scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (SCM 4.11)
burden of proof, allocation SCM 195
determination of “appropriateness/appropriate”
countermeasure SCM 191, DSU
746, 776
specificity requirements, specific level of suspension (DSU
22.4) DSU 755
third party rights DSU 697
timing in relation to Article 21.5 arbitration (“sequencing”),
ad hoc procedural agreements DSU 625, 643
burden of proof
arbitration (DSU 22.6) DSU 691
allocation by arbitrator SCM 195
countermeasures (SCM 4.10) SCM 187
applicability to Article 22.6 arbitration (SCM 4.11) DSU
691
onus probandi actori incumbit SCM 195
prima facie case, need for SCM 195
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), business confidential
information (DSU 18.2), parallel confidential/non-confidential reports DSU 489
countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel
or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10)
“appropriate” SCM
174, 176-8,
DSU 772
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11) SCM
191, DSU 746,
776
footnote 9 and SCM 183
footnote 10 and SCM 183
nullification or impairment distinguished SCM 174 n.
241, 181-7,
197
products not in competition, inclusion SCM 187
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11)
as special or additional rules and procedures SCM
192-3, 197,
DSU 727
task of arbitrator SCM
191, DSU 746, 776
burden of proof SCM
187, 195
obligation of other party to present evidence SCM 195
“countermeasure” SCM
174, DSU 770
inducement of compliance as objective SCM
174, DSU 770,
772
proportionality, need for SCM 183
evidence, evaluation
good faith and SCM 196
private parties/subjects of international law
distinguished SCM 196
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT
26)), evidence submitted by government SCM 196
implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB
(DSU 21), Article 22.6 panel’s right of review DSU 643
interpretation of covered agreements
guidelines
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam
pereat/effet utile) SCM 174 n. 240
meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase SCM
192, DSU 763, 766
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) SCM 183
means
dictionaries SCM 174,
176, DSU 772
footnotes to treaty SCM 184
ILC draft articles SCM
174, DSU 770
preparatory work (VCLT 32), SCM 4 SCM 183
State practice SCM 174
multiple complainants (DSU 9), Article 22.6 arbitration
and DSU 766
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)
inconsistency with covered agreement as prima facie
evidence of, rebuttal SCM 177
SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM
177, 181, DSU
765-6
SCM 5 (adverse effects) SCM
177, 181-2
SCM 7.9 and 10 (commensurate with degree and nature of
adverse effects) distinguished SCM 182, 220
relationships within and between agreements
DSU 3.8/SCM 3 and 4 SCM
181, DSU 765-6
DSU 22.4/SCM 3 and 4 DSU 765
DSU 22.6/SCM 4.10 and 4.11 DSU 691
SCM 4.9 and 10/SCM 7.9 and 10 SCM
182, 220
special or additional rules and procedures for dispute
settlement (DSU 1 2 and Appendix 2) SCM 4.11 as SCM
192-3, 197,
DSU 727, 763, 766
State responsibility for breach of international
obligations, countermeasures SCM 174
suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB
recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
agreement to DSU 755
level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU
22.4)
“appropriate” (SCM 4.10) distinguished SCM
181, 197,
DSU 727, 746
SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM
181, 197, DSU
727, 765
“or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU
22.2) DSU 667
termination of treaty for breach (VCLT 60), rights
created prior to, effect on (VCLT 70) DSU 643,
703
third party rights, arbitration (DSU 22.6) DSU 697
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7),
withdrawal of subsidy as SCM 7.8 remedy compared SCM 181
Brazil
— Desiccated Coconut (AB), WT/DS22/AB/R, DSR 1999:IV
countervailing duties (SCM, Part V), compliance with
GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) GATT 316-21,
SCM 238, 413-14
Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), as integral part
of WTU Agreement WTO 12
Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), applicability (DSU
1), “covered agreements” (DSU 1.1) DSU 1
due process (dispute settlement proceedings),
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 245
GATT 1994, WTO Agreement, incorporation into (WTO Annex
1A), GATT as integral part of WTO (WTO II:2) GATT 319
interpretation of covered agreements
means
preparatory work (VCLT 32), SCM Agreement GATT 317
transitional decisions taken by signatories of Tokyo SCM
Code SCM 399
ordinary meaning, “provisions of this agreement” (SCM
32.3) GATT 316
specific terms and phrases, “this agreement” (SCM
32.3) GATT 292-7
MFN treatment (GATT I:1), anti-dumping and
countervailing duties (GATT VI) and GATT 63,
341
non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)
in absence of different intention DSU 65
pre-existing rights, countervailing duties (SCM 32.3)
GATT 316, 329, SCM
398-9
relationships within and between agreements
GATT I/GATT VI GATT 63
GATT VI/SCM GATT 350-2,
SCM 412-14
GATT VI/SCM 32.3 GATT
320-1
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), inconsistency with
GATT VI and GATT 342
SCM Agreement
investigations and reviews of existing measures,
initiated … on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3)
procedural aspects of investigations, whether limited to
SCM 402
retroactivity GATT 316-21,
329, SCM
398-9
“this agreement” SCM
400-1
transitional decisions of Tokyo Round Subsidies and
Countervailing Measures Committee, relevance SCM 399
preparatory work (VCLT 32), SCM Code (Tokyo Round) GATT
317-21, 329-30
SCM Code (Tokyo Round)
dispute settlement provisions, extension GATT 321
subsequent agreement for purpose of interpretation of
GATT VI, whether GATT 329
subsequent practice for purpose of interpretation of
GATT VI, whether GATT 329
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue DSU
245
due process and opportunity to respond to
evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 245
“matter referred to the DSB”, as identified in DSU
6.2 (DSU 7.1) DSU 252
WTO Agreement
conflict between constituent covered agreements,
precedence (WTO, Annex 1A) SCM 412-14
objectives, integrated multilateral trading system WTO
2, SCM 412-14
as single treaty instrument WTO 12
WTO Preamble, legal relevance WTO 2
Brazil
— Desiccated Coconut (Panel), WT/DS22/R, DSR 1999:IV
consultations (DSU 4), as unconditional obligation (DSU
4.2) DSU 110
consultations (SCM 4.1-4), “without prejudice”
nature of obligation (DSU 4.6) DSU 110
countervailing duties (SCM, Part V)
compliance with GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) SCM
413-14
measures to which GATT VI not applicable SCM 297
continuing collection of duties imposed prior to entry
into force of WTO Agreement, SCM 32.3 and SCM 403
review of need for continued imposition (SCM 21.2) SCM
297
decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT
1947 (WTO XVI:1) GATT 329
SCM Code, whether WTO 218
GATT 1947, continuing relevance under WTO, decisions,
procedures and customary practices (WTO XVI:1) GATT 329
GATT 1994, WTO Agreement, incorporation into (WTO Annex
1A), as agreement distinct from GATT 1947 GATT 329
interpretation of covered agreements
means
“any subsequent agreement … regarding its
interpretation or application” (VCLT 31(3)(a)) GATT 329
“any subsequent practice … which establishes the
agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT 31(1)(b)) GATT
329
MFN treatment (GATT I:1), anti-dumping and
countervailing duties (GATT VI) and GATT 63,
341
precedent, decisions, procedures and customary practices
under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) GATT 329
relationships within and between agreements
GATT I/GATT VI GATT 63
GATT VI/SCM GATT 349,
SCM 392, 412
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2)
consultations, indication as to whether held DSU 165
panel’s obligation to examine absence DSU 165
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), inconsistency with
GATT VI and GATT 342
SCM Agreement
investigations and reviews of existing measures,
initiated … on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM
32.3), “existing measures” SCM 403
preparatory work (VCLT 32), SCM Code (Tokyo Round) WTO
218
specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM
32.1) in accordance with GATT VI as interpreted by AD/SCM Agreement, “except
in accordance with the provisions” SCM 392
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), special terms of
reference (DSU 7.3) DSU 291
WTO Agreement
conflict between constituent covered agreements,
precedence (WTO, Annex 1A) SCM 412-14
objectives, integrated multilateral trading system SCM
412-15
broadcasting (copyright):
see copyright protection
(Berne Convention (1971)), broadcasting to the public (Berne 11bis)
budget
and contributions (WTO) (WTO VII): see also Budget, Finance and
Administration Committee (BFA)
annual budget estimate WTO 148
annual budgetary and financial reports WTO 147
BFA recommendations WTO 148
contributions, scale
“inactive members” WTO 149
methodology for calculating, revision
1995 WTO 150
2000 WTO 150
regular review WTO 149
Financial Regulations (WTO) WTO
149, 152
Financial Rules (WTO) WTO 149
Voluntary Contributions, Gifts, or Donations from
Non-Governmental Donors, Guidelines (2000) WTO 152
Budget, Finance and Administration Committee (BFA):
see also budget and contributions (WTO) (WTO VII)
annual reports WTO 105
establishment WTO 78,
103
rules of procedure (1995) WTO 104
technical assistance, instruction to develop plan for
long-term funding (Doha Declaration) WTO 90
terms of reference WTO 103
burden of proof
affirmative defence SCM
472, DSU 188, 989,
1004
allocation
classification for purposes of, relevance to
interpretation of agreement GATT 41
comparative difficulties, relevance DSU 998
general rule/exception, relationship, relevance
SPS 3.1 and 3.3 TBT 9, DSU
1012, 1016
TBT 2.4 TBT 9, DSU 1016
misallocation as error of law DSU 1015
responding party SPS 19
review by AB, exclusion DSU 1006
arbitration (DSU 22.6) DSU
691-2
allocation by arbitrator SCM 195
arbitration (DSU 25) DSU 789
change in development policy, exclusion of requirement
for (GATT XVIII:9 and Note Ad) GATT 498-9
countermeasures (SCM 4.10), applicability to Article
22.6 arbitration (SCM 4.11) DSU 691-2
defences and exceptions
Enabling Clause GATT 55,
DSU 1007-8
GATT XVIII:11 and Ad Note DSU 1004
GATT XXIV (regional trade agreements) GATT 713
delay in submitting claim and GATT 655
developing country Members
phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4) SCM
364-5
SCM 3.1(a) (Annex I (Illustrative List of Export
Subsidies))/SCM 27 SCM 115-16, DSU
1013-14
double taxation measures, justification SCM 440
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so
employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM
443, 469-71, 472,
477
fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD
2.4) AD 53
GATT XX: see General Exceptions (GATT
XX), burden of
proof
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT
26)) DSU 47
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU
21.3) DSU 560-2,
574, 593-4,
622
mandatory/discretionary legislation distinction DSU
177,
188, 1001
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT
III:4) GATT 231-2
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) GATT
652-5, DSU
807-8
non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2) GPA 13
notification of participation of non-governmental
experts in on-the-spot verification (AD, Annex 1(2)) AD 373
onus probandi actori incumbit GATT
581, 652-4,
SPS 19,
ATC 25, TBT 9, SCM 195,
DSU 988-91
panel’s obligation to apply correctly DSU 1015
panel’s right to seek information and advice (DSU 13/SPS
11.2), relevance DSU 421, 1000
prima facie case, need for GATT
396, 499, 581,
SPS 57, AD 124, SCM
195, DSU 1004
evidence necessary to establish, determination on case
by case basis DSU 994
evidence other than that submitted by parties, panel’s
right to consider DSU 995
explicit finding, relevance DSU
996-7, 1005
inconclusive outcome/“equipoise” DSU 992
panel ruling in favour, need for DSU
1014
“prima facie“ DSU
286, 993
“reasonable doubts”, sufficiency DSU 1015
refusal to provide information, relevance DSU 1014
quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) GATT 396
reversal in respect of circumvention of export subsidy
commitments (AG 10.3) AG 88-9
scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) SPS
17-20,
DSU 1010
SCM provisions
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) SCM
59-60, 70-1
countermeasures (SCM 4.10) SCM
187, 195
“serious prejudice” (SCM 27.8) SCM 382
SG 4.2 DSU 995
SPS measures: see SPS Agreement, burden of proof
suspension of concessions, conformity with DSU 22.4 DSU
689-90
TBT 2.4 DSU 1016
transitional safeguard measures (ATC 6) ATC 46
TRIPS 70.8 DSU 1015
written record of analysis, relevance AD 166
business confidential information:
see confidentiality
of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), business confidential
information (DSU 18.2)
business practices (GATS IX)
GATS 58
electronic commerce GATS 58
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