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WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX

Index

The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the WTO Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the WTO Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.

Index: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z

“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)

15-month guideline DSU 1038–41

administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance DSU 1048–51

arbitrator’s limited mandate DSU 1020–8, 1059

determination of reasonable period DSU 1020–5

limitation on Member’s choice of methods DSU 1026–8

Article 21.3(b) agreements as precedent DSU 1016

burden of proof DSU 579–81, 1085–9

choice of methods, relevance DSU 1078

complexity of implementation process DSU 1052–4

as legal criterion DSU 1059

conclusion following appointment of Arbitrator DSU 1018

contentiousness/political sensitivity, relevance DSU 1056–61

continued application of WTO-inconsistent measures during reasonable period DSU 1095–6

coordination with other changes, relevance DSU 1080–2

determination by WTO or parties jointly DSU 1314

developing countries and (DSU 21.2) DSU 1007–13, 1065, 1067–71

economic and social conditions, relevance DSU 998, 1064–6

effect on society, relevance DSU 1055

entry into force of legislative instrument, relevance DSU 1074–5

harm to economic operators, relevance DSU 1066

institutional changes and DSU 1076

international obligations, relevance DSU 1059

legislative process, government control of DSU 1084

legislative schedule and DSU 1072–3

limitation to cases of impracticality DSU 1014–15

multiple possibilities DSU 1093–4

obligation to commence implementation in good time DSU 1044–7

participation of all original parties DSU 1092

“particular circumstances” DSU 1042–84

definition DSU 1042–3

limited role of executive DSU 1077

pending decision of international organization and DSU 1083

previous decisions, relevance DSU 1090

“reasonable” DSU 1035–7

shortest period possible within Member’s normal legislative process DSU 1029–34

statutory enforcement periods DSU 1074–5

structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 1062–3

tables

reasonable period of time awarded in Article 21.3(c) arbitrations as at 30 September 2011 DSU 1019

time taken DSU 1097

time taken from establishment of panel to determination of reasonable period DSU 1098–9

“time … shorter or longer, depending on the particular circumstances” (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 1001–3, 1035

time required for ratification of treaty DSU 1500

time to conduct studies/risk assessment, exclusion DSU 1079

withdrawal of prohibited subsidies (SCM 4.7), applicability to DSU 1091

WTO-consistent measures, limitation to DSU 1129

reasoned and adequate explanation requirement (SG)

“as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT XIX:1(a)) GATT 800–2, 811, 814

“demonstration”, need for GATT 805–17

causation (SG 2.1/SG 4.2(b)) GATT 801, SG 70–2, 181, 209–10, 330

panel’s obligation to confirm GATT 800–2, 811, 814, SG 95, 147–53

parallelism and SG 45, 69–72, 74, 76–9

publication as authorities’ obligation GATT 814

segmented domestic industry and (SG 4.2(a)) SG 168–9

rebuttal submissions DSU 628, 698

recognition of qualifications (GATS VII)

Accountancy Sector, Guidelines for Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements (GATS VII:4) GATS 65

electronic commerce and GATS 63

notification format GATS 64

Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications: see telecommunications, GATS XVIII Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications

regional conditions, adaptation of SPS measures to (SPS 6), Guidelines to further practical implementation (2008) SPS 346–54

regional specificity (SCM 2.2), definition problems SCM 115–17

regional standards (TBT 4) TBT 110

registration (WTO XVI:6) WTO 304

relationship between and within agreements, SCM 4.11/SCM 7.9 SCM 251–2

relationships within and between agreements

AD 1, 9 and 18/GATT VI/AD 3, 5, 7, 12 and Annex I, para. 2 AD 9, 307, 411, 986

AD 1/AD 6.13 AD 640

AD 1/AD 7 AD 650

AD 1/AD 12 AD 423

AD 1/AD 15 AD 862, 863

AD 1/GATT VI:1 GATT 448

AD 2/AD 5 AD 349–54, 356

AD 2/AD 6 AD 641

AD 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 AD 37

AD 2.1/AD 2.3/AD 6.10 AD 627

AD 2.1/AD 2.6 AD 21, 153, 158

AD 2.1/AD 3.6 AD 40

AD 2.1/AD 9.3 AD 690–4, 696

AD 2.1/AD 9.4 AD 711

AD 2.1/GATT VI:1 GATT 452–3

AD 2.2 and AD 2.4/AD 6.8 AD 161

AD 2.2/2.4 AD 70

AD 2.2/AD 2.4 AD 77

AD 2.2.2 as a whole AD 66

AD 2.2.2/AD 2.6 AD 78

AD 2.2.2(i)/AD 3.6 AD 67

AD 2.2.2(i)/AD 9.4(i) AD 703–4

AD 2.4, sentences within AD 86

AD 2.4 footnote 1/GATT XII GATT 649

AD 2.4/AD 6.10 AD 625 n. 858, 643

AD 2.4/AD 9.3 AD 82

AD 2.4/AD 9.4 AD 701–2

AD 2.4/AD 11.3 AD 764

AD 2.4.1/AD 2.4 AD 110–11

AD 2.4.1/GATT X:3(a) GATT 596

AD 2.4.2/AD 2.4 AD 119, 129

AD 2.4.2/GATT VI:2 AD 164

AD 3 footnote 9/Ad 11.2 AD 747, 751

AD 3/AD 6.10 AD 204

AD 3/AD 9.4 AD 202

AD 3/AD 11.3 AD 765–8

AD 3/AD 18 AD 322

AD 3 as a whole AD 169–70

AD 3/GATT VI GATT 494

AD 3.1/AD 3.7 AD 186, 218

AD 3.1/AD 4 AD 309

AD 3.1/AD 5.2 and 5.3 AD 186

AD 3.1/AD 6 AD 186, 644

AD 3.1/AD 12 AD 186

AD 3.2/AD 3.3 AD 236

AD 3.3/AD 11.3 AD 796

AD 3.4 as a whole AD 257

AD 3.4/AD 12.2 AD 268, 842

AD 3.4/SG 4.2(a) AD 247 n. 343, 251

AD 3.5/AD 11.2 AD 751

AD 3.5/SG 4.2(b) SG 210

AD 3.7/AD 5.2 AD 363–6

AD 3.7/AD 11.3 AD 787

AD 4.1/AD 5.4 AD 382

AD 5/AD 9 AD 418

AD 5/AD 18 AD 423

AD 5/GATT VI AD 424

AD 5.2/AD 5.3 AD 340, 343, 349–55

AD 5.3/17.6(i) AD 367–70, 940

AD 5.3/AD 6.8 and Annex II AD 608

AD 5.3/AD 10.7 AD 419, 728

AD 5.3/AD 12.1 AD 421, 823

AD 5.3/AD 17.6 AD 367–70, 940

AD 5.5/AD 12.1 AD 421

AD 5.6/AD 11.3 AD 789–90

AD 5.8/AD 9.3 AD 401–2, 671–3

AD 5.8/AD 11.3 AD 793–5, 797–9

AD 6.1 and 6.2/AD 11.4 AD 443

AD 6.1, AD 6.2 and AD 6.9/AD 12.2 AD 433, 462, 618

AD 6.1, AD 6.2/AD 6.9 AD 434, 460

AD 6.1/AD 12.2.1 AD 429

AD 6.1.1/AD 5.10 AD 442

AD 6.1.1/AD 6.14 AD 442

AD 6.1.1/AD 6.8 AD 458

AD 6.1.1/AD Annex I AD 437

AD 6.2/AD 6.4/AD 6.5 AD 494, 495

AD 6.2/AD Annex II AD 998

AD 6.2/AD generally AD 467

AD 6.2/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–69

AD 6.4/AD 6.9 AD 616, 621

AD 6.4/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 492–5

AD 6.5/AD 6.6 AD 519

AD 6.5/AD 12 AD 845

AD 6.7/AD Annex I AD 523

AD 6.8/AD 3 AD 600

AD 6.8/AD 9.3 AD 720

AD 6.8/AD 9.4 AD 701–2, 706–7, 708, 720

AD 6.8/AD 12 AD 599, 646

AD 6.8/AD Annex II AD 534

AD 6.8/Annex II AD 535

AD 6.8/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–60, 603–7

AD 6.9/other paragraphs of AD 6 AD 620–1

AD 6.10/AD 9.2 AD 627–31, 664, 666

AD 6.10/AD 9.4 AD 204, 625

AD 7/AD 10.7 AD 729

AD 7/GATT VI AD 653

AD 7.4/AD 17.2 AD 652, 894–5

AD 8/SCM 16: see price undertakings (AD 8)/undertakings (SCM 18)

AD 9/other AD articles AD 717

AD 9.1/AD 15 AD 857, 861

AD 9.2/AD 9.3 AD 663

AD 9.2/SCM 18 AD 668

AD 9.4/AD 18.4 AD 877

AD 10.6/AD 10.7: see retroactivity (provisional measures and antidumping duties) (AD 10), “sufficient evidence” (AD 10.7)

AD 11/DSU 1.2 DSU 12

AD 11.1/AD 11.2 AD 739, 752

AD 11.2/AD 11.3 AD 742–3, 749

AD 11.2/AD 11.3 footnote 22 AD 743

AD 11.2/GATT I and X GATT 595

AD 11.3/DSU 11 816, AD 804

AD 12/AD 15 AD 846

AD 17/AD 18 AD 876

AD 17/DSU 19.1 AD 954–5, DSU 353

AD 17/GATT XXII and XXIII AD 873–4, 888, 944–5

AD 17.3/DSU 1.2: see special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2)

AD 17.4/AD 18.1 and AD 876, TPRM 4

AD 17.4/DSU 6.2 and 7 AD 898, 951, DSU 370

AD 17.5/DSU 6.2 AD 903, 948, DSU 356

AD 17.6/DSU 11 AD 911–12, 925, 935–7

AD 17.6/SCM 30 SCM 578, 703

AD 17.6(i)/AD 17.6(ii) TBT 938

AD 17.6(i)/DSU 11 AD 911–12, 925–6

AD 17.6(ii)/DSU 11 AD 911, 927–34

AD 18/SCM: see specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1) in accordance with GATT VI as interpreted by AD/SCM Agreement

AD 18.1 and SCM 32.1/WTO XVI:4 WTO 295

AD 18.1/GATT VI: see specific action in accordance with GATT VI as interpreted by AD/SCM Agreement

AD 18.1/GATT XX(d) GATT 949

AD 18.1/other Ad Articles AD 977–9

AD 18.3/SCM 32.3 GATT 451 n. 647, AD 965, 1011

AD 18.4/SCM 32.5/WTO XVI:4 WTO 290–5, SCM 596–8

AD 18.5/SCM 32.6 AD 974, SCM 599

AD/GATT VI: see anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) including interrelationship with AD Agreement

AD/GATT XI GATT 648, AD 1007

AG /GATT XIII AG 1, 190

AG /Schedules of Commitments AG 27–8

AG 1, 9 and 18/GATT VI/AD 3, 5, 7, 12 and Annex I, para. 2 AD 9, 307, 986

AG 1(a)(ii)and annex 3/AG 7.2 AG 80

AG 1(e)/AG 9.1/AG 10/2 AG 125

AG 2/AG 13(b)(ii) AG 23

AG 3, 6 and 7 AG 29

AG 3/GATT VI:1 AD 321

AG 3.1/SCM SCM 124

AG 3.3/AG 9.1 AG 31–2

AG 3.3/AG 10.1 AG 32, 117

AG 4.1 and 21.1/GATT XIII GATT 689, DSU 875

AG 4.2/AG 5 AG 75

AG 4.2/GATT II:1(b) GATT 143–5, 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660

AG 4.2/GATT II:2 GATT 143–5, 173–4, 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660

AG 4.2/GATT XI GATT 644, AG 48

AG 4.2/GATT Annex 5 AG 45

AG 4.2/GATT XI GATT 753

AG 4.2/Guidelines for the Calculation of Tariff Equivalents (Attachment to AG Annex 5) AG 46

AG 4.2/LIC LIC 33

AG 6.3/SCM 3.1(b) AG 79, 193–4, SCM 186–7

AG 9.1 and 10.1/SCM 1.1 and 3.1 SCM 181–2, 701

AG 9.1(c)/9.2 AG 92

AG 9.1(c)/SCM Illustrative List items (c), (d) and (k) SCM 601

AG 10.1/AG 10.4 AG 129

AG 13/DSU 1.2 DSU 11

AG 13(a)/GATT XVI/SCM Part III AG 134

AG 21.1/SCM 3.1 as determinants of AG/SCM relationship SCM 183–5

AIR 6/SCM AIR 22–4

ATC 6.10/ATC 6 as a whole ATC 76

ATC 6.10/ATC 6.11 ATC 79, 81–3

ATC 6.10/GATT X:2 ATC 80, 87

ATC/GATT WTO 23

Berne 11/Berne 11 bis TRIPS 95

Berne 13/Berne 20 and TRIPS 2.2 TRIPS 105

DSU 3.3/DSU 7 DSU 397, 426

DSU 3.3/DSU 9.2 DSU 448

DSU 3.3/DSU 25 DSU 1343

DSU 3.6/DSU 21.5 DSU 80–1

DSU 3.6/DSU 22.8 DSU 81

DSU 3.7, 3.10 and 24.1 DSU 1324

DSU 3.7/DSU 3.8 DSU 87

DSU 3.7/DSU 22.6 and DSU 22.3(c) DSU 89, 1318

DSU 3.8/GATS XXIII:1 GATS 203, DSU 99–100

DSU 3.8/SCM 3 and 4 SCM 234

DSU 4 and 6/SCM 4 DSU 140, 142

DSU 4.7/SCM 4.2 and 4.4 DSU 171

DSU 6.2/DSU 7.1 GATT 991 n. 1410, AD 898, 951, DSU 220–1, 352, 370–418

DSU 6.2/DSU 19.1 AD 954–5, DSU 353, 394, 991

DSU 6.2/DSU 21.5 DSU 354–5, 1123–7, 1146, 1151–2

DSU 11 and 13/SG 3.2 SG 113–14

DSU 11 and SG/GATT XIX: see standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), applicability to SG/GATT XIX

DSU 11/SCM 4 SCM 188–94

DSU 13.2/TBT 14.2 TBT 147, DSU 25

DSU 16.4, 19.1, 21.1, 21.3, 21.5 and 22.1 DSU 990, 1130

DSU 19.1/SCM 4.7 and 4.8 DSU 20, 992–3

DSU 21/SCM 4.7 SCM 218

DSU 22.3/SCM 7.9 and 7.10 DSU 24

DSU 22.3(b)/DSU 22.3(c) DSU 1204

DSU 22.4/SCM 3 and 4
SCM 234, 253, DSU 1281–3

DSU 22.4/SCM 4.10: see countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10), calculation of countermeasure, possible bases/relevant factors, suspension of concessions (DSU 22.4) distinguished

DSU 22.6/SCM 4.10 and 4.11 DSU 22, 23, 585–6

DSU 22.6/SCM 4.11 SCM 247

DSU 22.8/DSU 23 DSU 1319

DSU 23/WTO XVI:4 WTO 286

DSU 23.1/DSU 23.2 DSU 1298–304, 1307

DSU 23.1/SCM SCM 700

DSU 23.1/VCLT 60 DSU 1320, 1672, 1674

GATT Enabling Clause 2(a) and 3(c) GATT 89

GATS I:1/GATS II/XVII GATS 11, 32

GATS II/GATT I:1 GATT 25

GATS VI/GATS XVI and XVII GATS 62

GATS XVII/GATT III:4/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 180

GATS/GATT GATT 419, 427–9, TRIMs 8 n. 12, GATS 24–9

GATT I, III and X/LIC 1.2 LIC 7

GATT I and III/SPS GATT 414–17

GATT I and XIII/GATT XXVIII GATT 116, 687

GATT I/GATT III:4 GATT 359, 362, 395

GATT I/GATT III GATT 108–9

GATT practice GATT 109

GATT I/GATT VI GATT 96–8, 110–12

GATT I/GATT X GATT 590–1

GATT I/GATT XI GATT 113

GATT I/GATT XIII GATT 114, 138, 164, 682–3

GATT I/GATT XXIV GATT 115

GATT I:1/Enabling Clause GATT 80, 81

GATT I:1/GATT III:4 and XX GATT 61

GATT I:1/GATT V:6 GATT 445

GATT I/GATT III:8(b) GATT 396

GATT II/GATT XI GATT 639

GATT II/GATT XIII GATT 164, 168–9

GATT II:1(a) and XI/GATT III:4 and XVII GATT 165, 405, 745

GATT II:1(a)/GATT II:1(b) GATT 133

GATT II:1(b):BOP Understanding GATT 791

GATT II:1(b)/GATT II:2(a) GATT 158

GATT II:1(b)/GATT III:2 GATT 167

GATT II:1(b)/GATT VIII GATT 506

GATT II:1(b)/GATT XII GATT 652

GATT II:1(b)/LIC 3 GATT 175, LIC 32

GATT II/GATT III, GATT practice GATT 397

GATT III/GATT X GATT 590, 592

GATT III/GATT XI GATT 405–10

GATT III/GATT XVII:1 GATT 223, 411, 745

GATT practice GATT 412

GATT III/SCM Agreement GATT 117, SCM 686–7

GATT III/WTO Agreement GATT 413

GATT III:1/GATT III as a whole GATT 218, 226

GATT practice GATT 229

GATT III:1/GATT III:2 GATT 228

GATT III:1/SPS Annex A(1) WTO 24

GATT III:2/ATC 6.2 ATC 42–3

GATT III:2/GATT III:4: see “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4), GATT III:2 and III:4 interrelationship

GATT III:2/SCM Agreement GATT 420–1, SCM 535, 688

GATT III:2/SPS 5.5 SPS 240–2

GATT III:4/GATT II:1(a) and GATT XI GATT 399

GATT III:4/GATT VI: see national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), anti-dumping (GATT VI) and

GATT III:4/GATT XI: see quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI), national treatment (GATT III) and

GATT III:4/GATT XX GATT 384–6, 912

GATT III:4/GATT XXIII:1(b) GATT 350, 374, 387

GATT III:4/LIC 3.5(h) LIC 33

GATT III:4/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 180

GATT III:4/TBT GATT 418

GATT III:4/TBT 2.1 TBT 18–20

GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 GATT 423–6, TRIMs 6, 9–17

GATT III:4/TRIMs 3 TRIMs 9, 19, 20–1

GATT III:4/TRIPS 3.1 GATT 416–17, TRIPS 39, 50, 61–4

GATT III:8(b)/SCM 1 GATT 390

GATT III/SPS SPS 592

GATT V:5/GATT V:6 GATT 439, 441

GATT VI:3/SCM 10 SCM 88

GATT VI/GATT XI GATT 490, 641, 648

GATT VI/SCM GATT 451, 495–7, SCM 353–9, 583, 690–2

GATT IX/TBT TBT 11

GATT X/GATT as a whole GATT 551–2

GATT practice GATT 593

GATT X:1/GATT X:3 GATT 549

GATT X:3(a)/LIC 1.3 GATT 594, DSU 1718, 1726

GATT XI:1/GATT I:1 and XIII:1 GATT 114

GATT XI:1/GATT XI:2 GATT 632

GATT XI:1/TRIMs 2/Illustrative List GATT 409 n. 596, 425, 426, 627–9, 646, TRIMs 15–16, 18

GATT XI:2(a)/GATT XX(g) GATT 635

GATT XI/GATT XIII GATT 685

GATT XI/GATT XVII GATT 166, 170

GATT XI/SPS 2.4 SPS 591

GATT XI/SPS GATT 647, SPS 592–3

GATT XII and XVIIIB/BOP GATT 493, 779, DSU 10

GATT XII/GATT XVIII:B GATT 653, 754, 793

GATT XIII:2(d)/GATT XIII:1 and GATT XIII:2 chapeau GATT 672

GATT XIII:2(d)/GATT XIII 4 GATT 672, 676

GATT XIII/SG 5 GATT 657, 690–2, SG 232

GATT XVI:3/AG 1(3), 3.3, 8, 9 and 10 GATT 715

GATT XVI:4/SCM 1.1(a) and 3.1(a) GATT 716, SCM 100

GATT XVII:1(a)/GATT XVII:1(b) GATT 729, 731, 734–5

GATT XVIII:9(a)/GATT XVIII:9(b) GATT 764

GATT XIX/SG 3.1 and SG 4.2(c) SG 108

GATT XIX:1/SG 2 and 4, 2.805, 2.824–5, 14.84, 14.89, 14.90: see also safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX) see also under relationship between Safeguards Agreement and GATT XIX

GATT XIX:1/SG 11.1 SG 8, 10, DSU 1555 n. 2388

GATT XIX:1(a)/SG 8 SG 243

GATT XIX/SG 1 SG 4–12

GATT XIX/SPS WTO 19

GATT XX/GATT as a whole GATT 384

GATT XX/TBT 2.1 TBT 21

GATT XX/TBT 2.2 TBT 37–8

GATT XX chapeau/GATT XX paras. (a)-(i) exceptions GATT 849

GATT XX(b)/SPS SPS 5, 590, 594–8

GATT XXII and XXIII/SPS SPS 599

GATT XXIV/GATT I, XIII and XIX GATT 686

GATT XXIV:5(a)/GATT XI, GATT XIII and ATC 2.4 GATT 1053, 1058

GATT XXIV as a whole GATT 999–1001

GATT XXIV/SPS 2.2 GATT 1057

GATT/LIC/TRIMs 2 TRIMs 5

GATT/SCM GATT 419–22

GATT/SPS SPS 590–1

GATT/TRIMs TRIMs 7–9, SCM 694–5

GPA preamble/SCM 1 (“purchases of services”) GPA 2 relationships within and between agreements, TRIPS 46/ TRIPS 59 TRIPS 241

SCM 1.1/SCM footnote 1 and footnote 59 SCM 97–8, 158–60

SCM 1.1/WTO XVI SCM 99–100

SCM 1.1(a)(1)/ILC Articles on State Responsibility DSU 1683

SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 73

SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 14 SCM 59, 87, 92

SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 14(c) SCM 93

SCM 1.1(b)/SCM Annex I item (k) SCM 94–5

SCM 1.1(b)/SCM Annex IV SCM 96

SCM 2.3/SCM 3 SCM 118–23

SCM 3.1/SCM 3.2 SCM 178

SCM 3.1/SCM 4.7 SCM 153

SCM 3.1/SCM 27.2(b) SCM 154, 527–8

SCM 3.1/SCM 27.4 SCM 154–6, 527–8

SCM 3.1(a)/SCM Illustrative List, item (k) SCM 627

SCM 3.1(b)/TRIMs TRIMs 7–9, SCM 694–5

SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 174–7

SCM 4.9 and 10/SCM 7.9 and 10 SCM 235, 237, 251–2

SCM 10 and 32.1/SCM 32.3 SCM 592

SCM 11.6/SCM 21.3 SCM 365

SCM 11.9/SCM 21.3 SCM 366–75

SCM 17.3/SCM 20 SCM 455, 475

SCM 25/SCM 27.4 SCM 524

SCM 27.2(b)/SCM 27.3 SCM 532

SCM 27.3/TRIMs 5 TRIMs 8

SG I and II.1(a)/WTO II GATT 838

SG 2 and 4/SG 3 SG 99

SG 2 and 4/SG 5 SG 229–30

SG 2 and 4/SG 12 SG 289–90

SG 2/SG 4 SG 17–23

SG 2.1 and 4/SG 6 SG 85

SG 2.1, 4.1(c) and 4.2(b)/SG 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 8, 11 and 12 SG 84, 89, 216, 231, 242, 243

SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c): see “like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/ SG 4.1(c)); safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2), parallelism between investigation (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)) and application of measure (SG 2.2)

SG 2.1/SG 4.2(a) SG 19, 25–8

SG 2.1/SG 4.2(b) SG 19, 20, 23, 58, 178, 209

SG 3/SG 4.2(c) DSU 424

SG 3.1/SG 3.2 SG 112

SG 3.1/SG 4.2(a) SG 92–4

SG 3.1/SG 4.2(b) DSU 424

SG 3.1/SG 4.2(c) SG 107, 220, DSU 424, 519

SG 3.2/SG 4.2(c) SG 222

SG 4.1(b)/SG 4.1(c) SG 129

SG 4.2(a)/SG 4.2(b) SG 142, 207

SPS 1.1/SPS 5.1 and 5.5 SPS 14

SPS 2/SPS 3 and 5 SPS 65–6, 141

SPS 2/SPS 5, 6, 7 and 8 SPS 67

SPS 2.2 and 2.3/SPS 5.4–5.6 SPS 50–1, 210, SG 285

SPS 2.2/SPS 3.3, 5.1 and 5.7 SPS 27, 96

SPS 8/Annex C(1) SPS 587

SPS 2.2/SPS 4 SPS 43, 121

SPS 2.2/SPS 5.1 and 5.2 SPS 48–9, 189, 201

SPS 2.2/SPS 5.1 and 5.7 SPS 57, 295

SPS 2.2/SPS 5.1 SPS 44–7

SPS 2.2/SPS 5.6 SPS 282–4

SPS 2.2/SPS 5.7 SPS 52–6, 287, 289

SPS 2.3/SPS 5.5 SPS 61–4, 240

SPS 3 as a whole SPS 77–8, 97

SPS 3/Annex A(1)(d) SPS 205

SPS 3.1 and 3.3/SPS 2.2 and 5.7 SPS 339–40

SPS 3.1/SPS 3.3 SPS 54

SPS 3.2 and 3.3/Annex A(3) SPS 501

SPS 3.2/SPS 5.6 SPS 87

SPS 3.2/SPS 5.7 SPS 88, 300, 338

SPS 3.3/SPS 5.1 SPS 100

SPS 3.5/SPS 12.1 and LIC 4

SPS 4/SPS 9 SPS 114

SPS 4/SPS Annex C(1) SPS 586

SPS 4/SPS as a whole SPS 105, 119–20

SPS 5.1 and 5.6/Annex A(4) SPS 503

SPS 5.1/Annex A(3)(c) SPS 502

SPS 5.1/Annex A(4) SPS 527

SPS 5.1/SPS 5.2 SPS 182

SPS 5.1/SPS 5.5 SPS 184, 233

SPS 5.1/SPS 5.6 SPS 279

SPS 5.1/SPS 5.7 SPS 132, 185, 308, 332–5

SPS 5.2/Annex C SPS 195, 376

SPS 5.3/Annex A(1)(d) SPS 205, 490, 491

SPS 5.5/Annex A(1)(a) SPS 215–16

SPS 5.5/SPS 12 SPS 433, 436, 438

SPS 5.6 and footnote 3/TBT 2.2 TBT 39–40

SPS 5.6/Annex A(1)(a) SPS 256

SPS 5.7/Annex A(4) SPS 311–12

SPS 7/Annex B SPS 550–1

SPS 8/Annex C(1) SPS 373–4, 375

SPS 10.1/TBT 12.3 SPS 389, TBT 137

SPS 11/TBT 14 SPS 425

SPS 11.2/SPS 13.2: see expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2)

SPS Annex A(1)(a) and A(1)(b) SPS 486

SPS Annex A(4), relationships within SPS 528

SPS/TBT 1.5 TBT 12–14

SPS/TBT SPS 286

SPS/WTO XVI:4 SPS 588

TBT 2.1/TBT 2.2 TBT 32

TBT 2.2/TBT 2.4 TBT 70

TBT 2.2/TBT 12.3 TBT 136

TBT 2.4/TBT 2.5 TBT 72–3

TBT 2.4/TBT 2.8 TBT 78 n. 115

TBT 2.4/WTO XVI:4 TBT 50

TBT 2.9/TBT 2.10 TBT 103

TBT 12.2/TBT 12.3 TBT 135

TRIMS 1/Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2) TRIMs 4

TRIMs 2.1/TRIMs 5 TRIMs 24

TRIPS 3/TRIPS 20 TRIPS 57, 147

TRIPS 3/TRIPS 65.2 TRIPS 291

TRIPS 16.1/TRIPS 22.2 TRIPS 159

TRIPS 16.1/TRIPS 23.1 TRIPS 164

TRIPS 16.1/TRIPS 23.2 TRIPS 159

TRIPS 20/TRIPS 65.5 TRIPS 148, 290

TRIPS 27/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 186

TRIPS 27.1/TRIPS 30 and 31 TRIPS 184–5

TRIPS 31.3/TRIPS 22.2 TRIPS 4

TRIPS 33/TRIPS 70.2 TRIPS 317

TRIPS 46/TRIPS 59 TRIPS 241

TRIPS 51/TRIPS 59 TRIPS 237–8

TRIPS 65/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 186, 292

TRIPS 65/TRIPS 70.9 TRIPS 293

TRIPS 70.1/70.2 TRIPS 307

TRIPS/Berne Convention: see Berne Convention/TRIPS

VAL 1.2(a)/Val 16 VAL 58

WTO Preamble/GATT XXIV WTO 14

WTO XVI:1/GATT 1994 1(b) WTO 282

remedies as means of restoring balance of WTO rights and obligations, 17.1306: see also countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10); countervailing duties (SCM Part V), as remedy to offset benefits of subsidies; developing countries (AD 15), “constructive remedy”; intellectual property rights, enforcement (TRIPS Part III); non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), as exceptional remedy; “withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7)

reports: see AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), reports; General Council (WTO IV:2), reporting procedures; panel reports

request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)

AD 17.5 requirements and AD 903, 948

Article 21.5 proceedings, applicability to DSU 354–5

compliance, importance of

demonstration of on the “face of the request”, need for DSU 94, 187, 203

failure to comply, request for/establishment of second panel DSU 462

scrutiny by panel DSU 184–5, 186, 201, 240

subsequent cure of defect, exclusion DSU 187, 194, 202–4, 271, 323, 345, 411

consistency of request with, interpretation DSU 319

disclosure of all relevant information DSU 303

distinct elements reviewed AD 898, DSU 193–9, 370

due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 94, 194, 196, 200, 202, 209, 211–12, 239, 311 n. 495, 320 n. 513, 329, 340–5, 376–8

fruitfulness of action (DSU 3.7), determination by Member DSU 76–7, 84, 176, 177, 299

“legal interest”, relevance: see standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7), legal interest, relevance

nullification or impairment, indication of (AD 17.5(i)) AD 903–4

suspension of concessions (DSU 22.2), applicability to DSU 1183, 1210

as two-stage test

writing/text AD 898, DSU 201–4

request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)

accelerated/expedited procedures (ABWP 31), relevance SCM 191

failure to reach mutually agreed solution through consultations SCM 203, DSU 206

initiation of Annex V procedure (SCM 7.4)

“decision” (DSU 2.4), whether DSU 33

“taking note” of statements at DSB meeting, whether DSU 31

statement of available evidence, relevance SCM 191

reservations (WTO XVI:5)

Multilateral Trade Agreements WTO 296–9

permissibility of reservations unless otherwise specified rule (VCLT 19) distinguished WTO 296

Plurilateral Agreements WTO 300–3

retaliatory measures, legality

international law DSU 1693

WTO law DSU 1251 n. 1949, 1287, 1306–7, 1693

retroactivity (provisional measures and anti-dumping duties) (AD 10) AD 725

“after initiating an investigation” (AD 10.7) AD 727

conditions (AD 10.6)

AD 10.7 and AD 726

“sufficiency of evidence” (AD 5.3) and AD 730

definitive duty higher than provisional duty, payment/recalculation (AD 10.3) AD 862

preliminary affirmative determination (AD 7.1(ii)), relevance AD 729

“such measures” (AD 10.7), provisional measures distinguished AD 727

“sufficient evidence” (AD 10.7)

AD 5.3 and AD 419, 728

exporters’ knowledge of dumping (AD 10.6), relevance AD 731

“injury caused” (AD 10.6) and AD 732

“massive imports in a relatively short period of time” (AD 10.6), data collection period AD 733

retroactivity (SCM 20), exceptions SCM 455, 473–5, 475

retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10) ATC 74–80

ATC 6.10 measure ATC 74, 80, 87

consultations, request for and notification to TMB (ATC 6.10) and ATC 76

MFA provision, omission from ATC ATC 77–8

prior publication (GATT X:2), relevance GATT 541–2

provisional application of restraint measures authorized under ATC 10 (ATC 11) ATC 79

retroactivity of treaties: see non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)

retroactivity (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 307, DSU 1524

review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)

ad hoc procedural agreements

compliance with deadlines DSU 1173

consultations DSU 1168

establishment of panel DSU 1170

experts DSU 1172

non-prejudice to parties’ other rights DSU 1174–5

panel’s scope of review DSU 1176

burden of proof DSU 1274–6

competence of DSU 21.5 (compliance) panel DSU 1100–5

determination of consistency of measure with WTO obligations DSU 1100, 1102, 1117

deviation from original panel report DSU 1105–6

limitations on DSU 1104

claims at time of referral to review panel DSU 1101

insufficiencies in scientific evidence identified by Member adopting measure DSU 1278

new recommendation, exclusion DSU 1149

own motion obligation to examine fundamental issues DSU 1126

panel performing functions similar to Article 21.5 panel DSU 1277

composition of panel, as close as possible to original panel DSU 1104

DSU 6.2 procedures, applicability 1151–2, DSU 354–5, 1123–7

arguendo presumptions in Article 21.5 proceedings DSU 355 n. 575, 657, 1152

“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2) and DSU 1123–7, 1146

procedures distinguished DSU 1104

similarity DSU 1107

time-limits distinguished DSU 1104

due process and DSU 1143–4

“matter” DSU 1107

“measures taken to comply” DSU 1108–30

considered in context DSU 1103

examination on basis of facts proved during panel proceedings and DSU 1141–4

fundamental nature DSU 1126

identification of DSU 1119

limitation to DSU 1128, 1131–6

measure found to be consistent in original proceedings DSU 1137

measure taken “to comply” /measure subject of original dispute distinguished DSU 1102, 1110–14

measures close to measure taken to comply DSU 1118, 1120

new measures DSU 1136, 1143–5

parties’ assessment, relevance DSU 1121–2

redeterminations DSU 1116

relitigation of original dispute, exclusion DSU 1132–5

unappealed finding and DSU 826, 1115, 1130, 1138–9

prompt and satisfactory settlement (DSU 3.3) and DSU 1136

standard of review, “objective assessment of matter before it” (DSU 11) DSU 1277

surveillance of implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21) as context DSU 1147

table, length of proceedings DSU 1135

third party rights (DSU 10), right to receive submissions to first meeting of the panel, limitation to (DSU 10.3) DSU 503–6

“through recourse to these dispute settlement procedures” DSU 1150–3

timing

as ad hoc procedural agreement DSU 1153

parties’ submissions, applicability of DSU 12.6 DSU 699

in relation to Article 22.6 arbitration (“sequencing”): see “sequencing” (interrelationship between Article 21.5 and Article 22.6 arbitration, ad hoc procedural agreements)

suspension of concessions and other obligations (DSU 22) and DSU 1150

waiver of right to DSU 1154

risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1–5.3)

arbitrary or unjustifiable inconsistencies, obligation to avoid (SPS 5.5) and SPS 184

ascertainable and theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1)

quantitative threshold, relevance GATT 902, SPS 161–3

scientific prudence SPS 163

assessment prepared other than by Member concerned, acceptability (SPS 5.1 and Annex A(4)) SPS 151

balance of SPS interests and (SPS 5.1) SPS 141

delay in completing control, inspection and approval procedures (SPS 8 and Annex C) and SPS 574

explanation for measure allegedly in breach of SPS 5, burden of proof, relevance SPS 341

factors to be taken into account (economic) (SPS 5.3)

“other damage” (Annex A(1)(d)) and SPS 205, 490

unknown and uncertain elements and SPS 203

factors to be taken into account including “available scientific evidence” (SPS 2) SPS 143

compliance with SPS 5.1 requirement for risk assessment, basis for determining SPS 191

format of assessment SPS 149–50

official status of report, relevance SPS 149

non-scientific/non-quantifiable factors SPS 143, 193, 198, 530

open vs closed list SPS 192, 193, 195, 196–9

potential abuse of controlled substance SPS 196–9

risks arising from difficulties of control, inspection and approval/ assessment (SPS 8 and Annex C) SPS 195, 376

unknown and uncertain elements SPS 142, 203

identification of diseases and potential biological and economic consequences to be protected against SPS 147

as key obligation (SPS 5.1) SPS 132

measures “appropriate to the circumstances” (SPS 5.1) SPS 133, 150, 152, 166–74

circumstances changing over time SPS 170

direct causality between substance and possible adverse health effects SPS 134, 173–4

discretion not to take measures and SPS 169, 512

duty to base measures on risk assessment and SPS 171–2

flexibility SPS 166–70

interdependence of level of protection and risk assessment SPS 95, 100, 178–80, 530

measures based on, need for (SPS 5.1) SPS 134–40

methodology (SPS 2 and 3) and requirement to base measures on (SPS 5.1) distinguished SPS 190–1, 202

rational relationship between measure and risk, need for SPS 137

case-by-case approach SPS 139–40

methodology

assessment for each substance, need for SPS 158

different product categories, interrelationship SPS 159

parties’ right to choose SPS 194, 520

as scientific process SPS 193–4

single assessment for different SPS measures SPS 160

object and purpose SPS 134

“scientific justification” (SPS 3.3) and SPS 95

standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), completion of analysis SPS 165

standard/powers of review (panel), own assessment, exclusion SPS 38, 122–9, 217, 219

“sufficient scientific evidence” requirement (SPS 2.2) and SPS 26, 44–7, 137, 201

as complementary obligations SPS 44

divergence of expert views, relevance SPS 136, 404

precautionary principle and SPS 181

scientific uncertainty, relevance SPS 138

“taking into account risk assessment techniques” (SPS 5.1) SPS 134, 147, 175–7

failure to refer to scientific studies in domestic legislation/ regulations, relevance SPS 134, 177

internationally developed techniques SPS 175

“whether” vs “how” SPS 176

timing of assessment SPS 152–5

publication of assessment, relevance SPS 154

zero risk, unacceptability of concept SPS 164

risk assessment (SPS Annex A(4)(4)) SPS 503–28

ALOPs (SPS 5.4–5.6 and Annex A(5)) and SPS 266, 279, 530

elements/three-pronged nature of test SPS 133, 147–8

methodology SPS 519–20

two-step process, acceptability (Annex A(4)) SPS 519

provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) and SPS 311–12

quantification, relevance (including SPS 5.2 requirements) SPS 193–4, 517–18

relationship with “available scientific evidence” (SPS 5.2) SPS 191

risk management distinguished (SPS 5.1 and Annex A(4)) SPS 130–1, 521–5

specificity of assessment, need for SPS 156–7, 507, 514, 520

types of risk (“likelihood” vs “potential”) SPS 145–6, 504–5

distinction/comparison SPS 515

“likelihood” SPS 147, 508

“according to SPS measures which might be applied” SPS 147–8, 511–13

failure to evaluate, effect SPS 510

“potential” SPS 517

“probable” SPS 148, 509, 516, 519

RTAs Committee (CRTA) (WTO IV:7) GATT 1022–6

establishment WTO 99, 141, GATT 997, 1022

examination of RTAs: see RTAs (GATT XXIV:5), examination (GATT XXIV:7 and Understanding 7)

as replacement for RTAs working parties WTO 93 n. 138, GATT 79, 1017

reporting arrangements GATS 54

annual reports WTO 143, GATS 56

biennial reports WTO 144

suspension on grounds of workload WTO 144

rules of procedure (1996) WTO 74, 142

terms of reference WTO 141, GATT 1022

for each RTA WTO 145

RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)

as affirmative defence to violation of GATT provisions including non-discrimination requirement SG 65, 73 n. 122

cross-cutting issues, proposed work programme WTO 152

dispute settlement (Understanding 12) GATT 1041–4

EU enlargement (2004), effect GATT 1020

absence of recommendation, effect GATT 1028

GATT practice GATT 1029

EU, examination of treaties establishing (GATS 5:7)

failure to finalize any report WTO 153

procedure WTO 153–4

following introduction of Transparency Mechanism WTO 154

report following WTO 145

Standard Format for Information on RTAs WTO 153

examination (GATT XXIV:7 and Understanding 7)

applicability to RTAs notified under the Enabling Clause GATT 73

non-WTO member RTAs GATT 75, 1025

changes following adoption of Transparency Mechanism (December 2006) GATT 1021, 1026

examinations completed February 1996-December 2006 GATT 1023

GATT practice GATT 1027

as responsibility of RTAs Committee (CRTA) GATT 1018, 1022

as exception to SG provisions SG 73

necessity test GATT 1003–5

notification and reporting requirements (GATT XXIV:7 and Understanding 7) GATT 1015–16

delays WTO 151

guidelines (1998) GATT 70

notification of substantial changes (Understanding 9), approval of CRTA recommendations (1998) GATT 1039

schedules for submission of biennial reports GATT 1040

simplified format (2007) WTO 147, GATT 70

notification statistics WTO 146, GATT 1016

notifications of termination GATT 1024

notifications (Enabling Clause) WTO 119, GATT 64–77

GCC Customs Union GATT 74

MERCOSUR GATT 66–8

notifications as at 30 September 2011 GATT 65

procedure GATT 64, 69

status GATT 76

transparency mechanism (RTAs), applicability GATT 1045

object and purpose (GATT XXIV:4) GATT 1003

RTA Database GATT 77

Rules of Origin Agreement (RO) and RO 33

safeguard measures (SG)/emergency actions (GATT XIX) and SG 64–5

“irrespective of source” (SG 2.2) and SG 66–73

transparency mechanism (2006): see transparency mechanism (RTAs) (2006)

working parties WTO 92, GATT 1018–20

Enlargement of the European Union: Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the European Union GATT 1020

terms of reference GATT 1018

WTO Preamble and WTO 14

Rules of Conduct (RoC)

adoption DSU 1476

confidentiality of proceedings: see confidentiality of proceedings (RoC VII:1)

incorporation into ABPW DSU 1485

incorporation into ABWP DSU 1372

independence and impartiality (RoC I and III:2)

experts SPS 418, DSU 1477–81, 1486, 1487

panellists DSU 1482

material violations (RoC VIII) DSU 437, 1494–7

periodic review (RoC IX) DSU 1498

review (RoC IX) DSU 1498

scope/persons covered (RoC IV) DSU 1485–90

AB members DSU 1486

AB Secretariat Staff DSU 1486

experts SPS 418, DSU 1477–81, 1486, 1487

panellists DSU 1482, 1487

self-disclosure (RoC VI) SPS 410, DSU 1491–2

text DSU 1475 (Section XXXIII)

Rules of Origin Agreement (RO)

“country”

absence of agreement RO 19

Drafting Group work on RO 19

MFN (RO Parts I-IV) and preferential trade regimes (RO Part V) distinguished, RTAs and RO 33

Rules of Origin Committee

annual reports RO 18

annual review of implementation and operation of RO (RO 6(1)) RO 24

closed sessions RO 16

establishment WTO 93

observer status RO 16

procedure for dealing with queries in respect of national legislation RO 22

rules of procedure (1995) WTO 94, RO 17

rules of origin disciplines (RO 2) (transition period)

design and application, Members’ discretion RO 2

documentation requirements RO 12 n. 21

“fulfilment of a certain condition not related to manufacturing or processing” (RO 2(c)) RO 13

harmonization of non-preferential rules of origin (RO 9) RO 26–31

“country”, absence of definition and RO 19

“negative” nature RO 2

non-discrimination (RO 2(d)), closely related goods RO 14

“shall not themselves create” (RO 2(c))

“create” RO 9

“effects on international trade” RO 11

individual “rules” and system distinguished RO 11 n. 18

“restrictive, distorting or disruptive effects” RO 10

“themselves” RO 8

trade objectives, exclusion as instrument of (RO 2(b)) RO 3–7

design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application RO 5

GATT III:2 obligations compared RO 5

incidental trade effect distinguished RO 7

intention, relevance RO 5

“trade objectives” RO 4, 6

“unduly strict requirements” (RO 2(c)) RO 12

French and Spanish versions RO 12 n. 20

preparatory work (VCLT 32) RO 12 n. 22

RO 2(a) as context RO 12

“strict” RO 12

“unduly” RO 12

rules of origin disciplines (RO 3) (after transition period), entry into effect RO 15

rules of origin (GPA IV), statistical reporting (GPA XIX:5) and GPA 23

Rules of Origin Technical Committee (RO 4.2)

periodic reports RO 32

Working Group to consider and make recommendations on Technical Committee interpretations and opinions RO 20

rules of procedure

ADP WTO 94, AD 864–5

Agriculture Committee (AG 17) WTO 94, AG 170

BFA Committee WTO 128

BOPs Committee WTO 74, 124, GATT 785

Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products GATT 197

Council for Trade in Goods WTO 84

Council for Trade in Services WTO 87, 182, GATS 217

Customs Valuation Committee WTO 94, VAL 63

DSB WTO 77, DSU 34–5

General Council (WTO IV:2) WTO 72

Import Licensing Committee WTO 94, LIC 34–5

Least-Developed countries Sub-Committee WTO 106

Market Access Committee WTO 94, 132

Ministerial Conference (WTO IV:1) WTO 69

PSI Independent Entity WTO 95, PSI 18

RTAs Committee WTO 74, 142

Rules of Origin Committee WTO 94, RO 17

Safeguards Committee WTO 94, SG 299

SCM Committee WTO 94, SCM 509

SPS Committee WTO 94, SPS 431

STEs Working Party WTO 96

TBT Committee WTO 94, TBT 142

Trade and Development Committee WTO 74, 102

Trade and Environment Committee WTO 138

Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) WTO 80, TPRM 8, 9–10, 18

TRIMs Committee WTO 94, TRIMs 39

TRIPs Council WTO 90, TRIPS 302

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