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Table of contents back to top
I. Preamble
back to top
A. Text
of the Preamble
B. Interpretation and Application of
the Preamble
II.
Article 1 back to top
A. Text
of Article 1
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 1
1. Article 1.1
(a) General
(b) “Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement”
(c) “free to determine the appropriate method of implementing”
2. Article 1.2
3. Article 1.3
(a) “Nationals of other Members”
(b) “Criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the
Paris Convention (1967)”
(c) Footnote 1 to Article 1.3
(i) “Separate customs territory Member of the WTO”
(ii) “domiciled”; “real and effective industrial and commercial
establishment”
III.
Article 2 and Incorporated Provisions of the Paris Convention
(1967) back to top
A. Text
of Article 2
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 2 and Incorporated Provisions of the Paris
Convention (1967)
1. Article
2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement
2. Article
2(1) of the Paris Convention (1967) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
3. Article 2(2) of the Paris Convention
(1967) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
4. Article 3 of the Paris Convention (1967)
as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
5. Article 6 of the Paris Convention (1967)
as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
6. Article
6bis of the Paris Convention
(1967) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
7. Article
6ter of the Paris Convention
(1967) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
8. Article 6quinquies of the Paris Convention
(1967) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
9. Article 8 of the Paris Convention (1967) as
incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
10. Article 10(2) of the Paris Convention (1967)
as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
11. Article 2.2 of the TRIPS Agreement
IV.
Article 3 back to top
A. Text
of Article 3
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 3
1. Article 3.1
(a) “Each
Member”
(b) “the nationals of other Members”
(c) “treatment no less favourable”
(d) “own nationals”
(e) “with respect to the protection of
intellectual property”
(f) Footnote 3
(g) Notification requirements
2. Relationship
with other Articles
3. Relationship
with other WTO Agreements
V.
Article 4 back to top
A. Text
of Article 4
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 4
1. General
2. Chapeau
(a) “the protection of intellectual property”
(b) “any advantage, favour, privilege or
immunity granted by a Member”
(c) “immediately and unconditionally”
(d) “to the nationals of any other country”
3. Article 4(d)
(a) Notification requirements
4. Footnote 3
VI.
Article 5 back to top
A. Text
of Article 5
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 5
1. Notification
VII.
Article 6 back to top
A. Text
of Article 6
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 6
VIII.
Article 7 back to top
A. Text
of Article 7
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 7
1. Relationship
with other Articles
IX.
Article 8 back to top
A. Text
of Article 8
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 8
1. Article 8.1
2. Relationship with other Articles
X.
Article 9 and Incorporated Provisions of the Berne Convention
(1971) back to top
A. Text
of Article 9
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 9 and Incorporated Provisions of the Berne
Convention (1971)
1. Relationship
with the Berne Convention (1971)
2. Article 5(1) of the Berne Convention
(1971) as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
(a) Scope of Article 5(1)
3. Article 11 of the Berne Convention (1971) as
incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
(a) Scope of
Article 11
(b) Paragraph
1
(c) Relationship
between Article 11 of the Berne Convention (1971) and other Articles of
this Convention.
4. Article
11bis of the Berne Convention (1971) as incorporated in the TRIPS
Agreement
(a) Paragraph
1
(b) Paragraph
2
(c) Relationship
between Article 11bis of the Berne Convention (1971) and other
Articles of the Convention
(d) Minor
exceptions doctrine
(e) Relationship
between Article 11bis(2) of the Berne Convention (1971) and
Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement
5. Article 17 of the Berne Convention (1971)
as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
(a) Scope of Article 17
6. Article 20 of the Berne Convention (1971)
as incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
7. Appendix to the Berne Convention (1971) as
incorporated in the TRIPS Agreement
XI.
Article 10 back to top
A. Text
of Article 10
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 10
XII.
Article 11 back to top
A. Text
of Article 11
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 11
XIII.
Article 12 back to top
A. Text
of Article 12
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 12
XIV.
Article 13 back to top
A. Text
of Article 13
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 13
1. General
(a) Scope
(b) Relationship
with other Articles
(c) “certain
special cases”
(d) “do
not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work”
(e) “do
not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right
holder”
XV.
Article 14 back to top
A. Text
of Article 14
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 14
XVI.
Article 15 back to top
A. Text
of Article 15
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 15
1. Article
15.1
2. Article
15.2
XVII.
Article 16 back to top
A. Text
of Article 16
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 16
1. General
2. Article
16.1
(a) “The
owner”
(b) “The
exclusive right”
(c) “a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed”
(d) “making rights available on the basis of use”
XVIII.
Article 17 back to top
A. Text
of Article 17
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 17
1. General
(a) “Limited exceptions”
(b) “such as fair use of descriptive terms”
(c) “legitimate interests”
(d) “take account of the legitimate interests of
the owner of the trademark”
(e) “legitimate interests of … third parties”
(f) Burden of Proof
(g) Relationship with other Articles
XIX.
Article 18 back to top
A. Text
of Article 18
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 18
XX.
Article 19 back to top
A. Text
of Article 19
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 19
XXI.
Article 20 back to top
A. Text
of Article 20
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 20
XXII.
Article 21 back to top
A. Text
of Article 21
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 21
XXIII.
Article 22 back to top
A. Text
of Article 22
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 22
1. General
2. Article 22.1
(a) “In respect of”
(b) “geographical indications”
3. Article 22.2
(a) “Members”
(b) “Interested parties”
(c) No right of objection in Article 22.2
4. Article 22.3
5. Relationship with other Articles
(a) Relationship with Article 16.1
(b) Relationship with Article 24.5
XXIV.
Article 23 back to top
A. Text
of Article 23
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 23
1. General
2. Article 23.1
3. Article 23.2
4. Article 23.4
5. Relationship with other Articles
XXV.
Article 24 back to top
A. Text
of Article 24
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 24
1. Article 24.2
2. Article 24.3
(a) “In implementing this Section”
(b) “the protection of geographical indications
that existed in that Member”
(c) “the date of entry into force of the WTO
Agreement”
3. Article 24.5
(a) “the eligibility for or the validity of the
registration of a trademark” and “the right to use a trademark”
(b) “this Section”
XXVI.
Article 25 back to top
A. Text
of Article 25
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 25
XXVII.
Article 26 back to top
A. Text
of Article 26
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 26
1. Article
26.2
XXVIII.
Article 27 back to top
A. Text
of Article 27
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 27
1. Article
27.1
(a) “Without
discrimination”
(b) “the
field of technology”
2. Article
27.3
3. Relationship
with other Articles
XXIX.
Article 28 back to top
A. Text
of Article 28
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 28
XXX.
Article 29 back to top
A. Text
of Article 29
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 29
XXXI.
Article 30 back to top
A. Text
of Article 30
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 30
1. General
2. “limited
exceptions”
3. “do
not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent”
4. “do
not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner,
taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties”
5. Relationship
with other Articles
XXXII.
Article 31 back to top
A. Text
of Article 31
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 31
XXXIII.
Article 32 back to top
A. Text
of Article 32
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 32
XXXIV.
Article 33 back to top
A. Text
of Article 33
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 33
1. General
(a) Basic
structure
(b) Relationship
with other Articles
XXXV.
Article 34 back to top
A. Text
of Article 34
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 34
XXXVI.
Article 35 and Incorporated Provisions of the IPIC Treaty
back to top
A. Text
of Article 35
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 35 and Incorporated Provisions of the IPIC
Treaty
XXXVII.
Article 36 back to top
A. Text
of Article 36
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 36
XXXVIII.
Article 37 back to top
A. Text
of Article 37
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 37
XXXIX.
Article 38 back to top
A. Text
of Article 38
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 38
XL.
Article 39 back to top
A. Text
of Article 39
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 39
XLI.
Article 40 back to top
A. Text
of Article 40
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 40
XLII.
Article 41 back to top
A. Text
of Article 41
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 41
1. General
2. Article 41.1
3. Article 41.2
4. Article 41.3
5. Relationship between Article 41 and other
Articles of the TRIPS Agreement and the Berne Convention
XLIII.
Article 42 back to top
A. Text
of Article 42
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 42
1. “right
holders”
2. Rights
covered by Article 42
XLIV.
Article 43 back to top
A. Text
of Article 43
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 43
XLV.
Article 44 back to top
A. Text
of Article 44
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 44
XLVI.
Article 45 back to top
A. Text
of Article 45
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 45
XLVII.
Article 46 back to top
A. Text
of Article 46
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 46
1. General
XLVIII.
Article 47 back to top
A. Text
of Article 47
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 47
XLIX.
Article 48 back to top
A. Text
of Article 48
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 48
L.
Article 49 back to top
A. Text
of Article 49
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 49
LI.
Article 50 back to top
A. Text
of Article 50
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 50
LII.
Article 51 back to top
A. Text
of Article 51
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 51
1. General
2. Scope
LIII.
Article 52 back to top
A. Text
of Article 52
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 52
LIV.
Article 53 back to top
A. Text
of Article 53
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 53
LV.
Article 54 back to top
A. Text
of Article 54
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 54
LVI.
Article 55 back to top
A. Text
of Article 55
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 55
LVII.
Article 56 back to top
A. Text
of Article 56
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 56
LVIII.
Article 57 back to top
A. Text
of Article 57
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 57
LIX.
Article 58 back to top
A. Text
of Article 58
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 58
LX.
Article 59 back to top
A. Text
of Article 59
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 59
1. “infringing goods”
2. “shall have the authority”
3. “disposal
4. “the principles set out in Article 46”
(a) General
(b) Principle in the first sentence of Article 46:
“outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid any
harm caused to the right holder”
(c) Principle in the fourth sentence of Article
46: “simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed”
LXI.
Article 60 back to top
A. Text
of Article 60
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 60
1. Relationship with other Articles
LXII.
Article 61 back to top
A. Text
of Article 61
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 61
1. General
2. The first sentence of Article 61
(a) General
(b) “trademark counterfeiting or copyright
piracy”
(c) “on a commercial scale”
3. Relationship with other Articles
LXIII.
Article 62 back to top
A. Text
of Article 62
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 62
1. Article 62.2
2. Article 62.4
LXIV.
Article 63 back to top
A. Text
of Article 63
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 63
1. Article
63.2
(a) Notification
requirements
LXV.
Article 64 back to top
A. Text
of Article 64
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 64
1. Articles of the TRIPS Agreement invoked in
panel and Appellate Body proceedings
2. Article 64.2 and 64.3
LXVI.
Article 65 back to top
A. Text
of Article 65
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 65
1. General
2. Article
65.4
(a) “an
additional period of five years”
3. Article
65.5
(a) “changes
… do not result in a lesser degree of consistency”
4. Relationship
with other Articles
LXVII.
Article 66 back to top
A. Text
of Article 66
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 66
1. Article
66.1
(a) Extension
of transition period
(b) Relationship
with other Articles
2. Article
66.2
LXVIII.
Article 67 back to top
A. Text
of Article 67
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 67
LXIX.
Article 68 back to top
A. Text
of Article 68
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 68
1. Rules
of procedure of the Council for TRIPS
2. Observer
status
(a) Organizations
granted observer status
(b) Organizations
having ad hoc observer status
3. Cooperation
with WIPO
LXX.
Article 69 back to top
A. Text
of Article 69
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 69
1. Notification
requirements
LXXI.
Article 70 back to top
A. Text
of Article 70
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 70
1. General
(a) Relationship
between Article 70.1 and 70.2
2. Article
70.1
(a) “acts
which occurred before the date of application of the Agreement”
3. Article
70.2
(a) “subject
matter existing at the date of application of this Agreement”
4. Article
70.8
(a) “a
means by which applications for patents for such inventions can be
filed”
5. Article
70.9
(a) “exclusive
marketing rights”
(b) Least-developed
country Members
6. Relationship
with other Articles
(a) Relationship
between Section 5 of Part II and Article 70.2
(b) Relationships
between Articles 65 and 66 and Article 70.8 and 70.9
LXXII.
Article 71 back to top
A. Text
of Article 71
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 71
LXXIII.
Article 72 back to top
A. Text
of Article 72
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 72
LXXIV.
Article 73 back to top
A. Text
of Article 73
B. Interpretation and
Application of Article 73
LXXV.
Text of the Provisions of the Paris Convention (1967) Incorporated by
Article 2.1 of the TRIPS Agreement back to top
LXXVI.
Text of the Provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) Incorporated by
Article 9.1 of the TRIPS Agreement back to top
LXXVII.
Text of the Provisions of the IPIC Treaty Incorporated by Article 35 of
the TRIPS Agreement back to top
LXXVIII.
Text of the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health
back to top
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