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//
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// number of chapters & pages
var num_chapters = 10;
var chapter_details_array = [ // pages per chapter, chapter name
[1, "Background"], // introduction
[6, "Introduction to the SPS Agreement"], // chapter 1
[12, "The Key Provisions of the Agreement"], // chapter 2
[7, "Transparency"], // chapter 3
[6, "Implementation — The SPS Committee"], // chapter 4
[12, "Implementation — Dispute Settlement"], // chapter 5
[4, "Developing Countries"], // chapter 6
[2, "Work of other relevant Organizations"], // chapter 7
[2, "Current Issues"], // chapter 8
[3, "Health and other WTO Agreements"], // chapter 9
[1, "Further Information"] // chapter 10
];
// arrays of questions for the quiz
// each array item consists of the following fields:
// - the chapter to which the question belongs,
// - the question,
// - the number of the correct answer (starting from 1),
// - the page containing the explanation of the answer to the question,
// - the answers in order
var question_array = new Array();
question_array[1] = [1, "Which of the following does the SPS Agreement NOT cover?", 3, "c1s3p1_e.htm", "measures to protect animal and plant health from pests and diseases", "measures to protect human or animal health from food safety risks", "measures to protect consumers from food that is not nutritious", "measures to protect human health from animal or plant-carried diseases", "measures to prevent the introduction of alien invasive species"];
question_array[2] = [1, "Which of the following does the TBT Agreement NOT cover?", 1, "c1s4p1_e.htm", "fumigation requirements for fruit to prevent the introduction of fruit flies", "specifications for fire-resistant doors ", "labelling requirements for pharmaceuticals ", "packaging requirements for fertilizers", "nutrition labelling for foods", "quality criteria for dairy products"];
question_array[3] = [2, "Which of the following is NOT a provision of the SPS Agreement?
SPS Measures must", 4, "c2s1p1_e.htm", "be necessary to protect life or health", "be based on scientific principles", "not be maintained without sufficient scientific evidence (except provisional measures)", "not restrict trade in food products"];
question_array[4] = [2, "SPS measures must not discriminate", 3, "c2s1p1_e.htm", "between national and foreign sources of supply", "between different foreign sources of supply", "both a) and b)"];
question_array[5] = [2, "Which organizations develop the international standards explicitly recognized by the SPS Agreement?", 2, "c2s2p1_e.htm", "Codex, OECD and IPPC", "Codex, OIE and IPPC", "ISO, ITC and IICA", "WTO, World Bank and IMF", "WTO, FAO and WHO"];
question_array[6] = [2, "Importing Members shall accept an exporting Members’ SPS measure as equivalent to their own if the exporting Member’s measure", 2, "c2s9p1_e.htm", "is exactly the same as importing Members’ measure", "achieves the appropriate level of protection of the importing member", "comes from a disease-free area", "is based on an international standard"];
question_array[7] = [2, "National SPS measures which conform to an international standard are", 1, "c2s2p1_e.htm", "presumed to be consistent with the SPS Agreement", "never a trade barrier", "lower than other measures", "provisional"];
question_array[8] = [2, "When carrying out risk assessment for animal or plant health, which of the following should NOT be taken into account?", 4, "c2s4p1_e.htm", "available scientific evidence", "relevant processes and production methods", "the costs of control or eradication in the territory of the importing Member", "the costs of increased competition in the territory of the importing Member", "the potential damage in terms of loss of production or sales in the event of the entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease"];
question_array[9] = [2, "Members have the obligation to avoid distinctions in the levels of protection they consider appropriate in different situations", 3, "c2s6p1_e.htm", "if they are arbitrary or unjustifiable", "if they result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade", "if they are arbitrary or unjustifiable and result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade", "if they have an effect on international trade."];
question_array[10] = [2, "Which of the following is correct?
A measure is not more trade-restrictive than required unless there is another measure which…", 4, "c2s7p1_e.htm", "is technically and economically feasible", "achieves the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection", "is significantly less restrictive to trade", "all of the above"];
question_array[11] = [2, "To gain recognition of a pest- or disease-free area", 3, "c2s10p1_e.htm", " exporting country has to provide the necessary proof", "the importing country has to provide the necessary proof", "the exporting country has to provide the necessary proof and reasonable access for inspection and testing to the importing country", "the exporting country has to ask the SPS Committee to recognize the pest- or disease-free status of the area"];
question_array[12] = [2, "In the absence of sufficient scientific evidence, the SPS Agreement allows", 2, "c2s8p1_e.htm", "the adoption of permanent measures on the basis of available information", "the adoption of provisional measures on the basis of available information", "members to wait until a more objective assessment of risk is possible", "members to adopt an SPS measure as soon as additional information is obtained"];
question_array[13] = [2, "When checking and ensuring the fulfilment of an SPS measure", 4, "c2s11p1_e.htm", "Members have the right to take more time and be more rigorous with imports than with domestic products", "Members have the right to impose higher fees on imports than those charged on domestic products, even when they are higher than the actual cost of the service", "Members have the right to request all sorts of information, including those not necessarily related with inspection, control and approval procedures", "Members must not treat imports in less favourable manner domestic products"];
question_array[14] = [3, "A new SPS regulation (not an emergency regulation), which is not based on an international standard, and which will have an effect on trade should be notified", 2, "c3s4p1_e.htm", "as soon as it enters into force", "as soon as a complete draft is available, when changes can still be made", "as soon as the final draft is available, when no further changes need to be made", "as soon as it is adopted"];
question_array[15] = [3, "Which of the following is not an obligation of the Enquiry Point (EP)?", 2, "c3s6p1_e.htm", "providing answers to all reasonable questions from Members", "receiving and discussing comments on proposed regulations", "provide documents regarding all existing and proposed domestic SPS regulations", "provide information on risk assessment procedures", "provide information on membership in international and regional organizations and agreements"];
question_array[16] = [3, "SPS regulations have to be published", 4, "c3s3p1_e.htm", "promptly after they have been adopted", "allowing reasonable time before entry into force (except in emergency situations)", "if they have not been notified", "a) and b)"];
question_array[17] = [4, "The SPS Committee makes its decision by", 3, "c4s1p1_e.htm", "simple majority vote (51%)", "two-thirds majority of the vote", "consensus"];
question_array[18] = [4, "Which of the following participate in SPS Committee meetings?", 2, "c4s2p1_e.htm", "the general public, capital-based experts and Geneva-based delegates", "capital-based experts, Geneva-based delegates, observers from acceding countries and observer organizations such as the three sisters", "Geneva-based delegates, non-governmental organizations and observers from acceding countries"];
question_array[19] = [4, "A typical agenda of the SPS Committee does not include", 2, "c4s4p1_e.htm", "discussion of specific trade concerns", "adoption of dispute settlement reports", "monitoring the use of international standards", "information from the observer organizations", "information from members", "consideration of specific notifications"];
question_array[20] = [5, "Has any panel found a violation of transparency provisions?", 4, "c5s5p2_e.htm", "Yes, all three of them", "Yes, in the Hormones case", "Yes, in the Salmon case", "Yes, in the Variety Testing case", "No, none of them"];
question_array[21] = [5, "Japan’s variety testing requirement was not justified under Article 5.7 (provisional measures) because", 3, "c5s5p2_e.htm", "it was not based on scientific evidence", "it was not based on available pertinent information", "Japan had not actively sought additional information in order to review its measure within a reasonable time-period", "all of the above"];
question_array[22] = [5, "Has any SPS panel consulted scientific experts?", 1, "c5s1p1_e.htm", "Yes, all three of them", "Yes, in the Hormones case", "Yes, in the Salmon case", "Yes, in the Variety Testing case", "No, none of them"];
question_array[23] = [5, "Who selects the scientific experts who provide advice to the panel?", 3, "c5s1p1_e.htm", "the Dispute Settlement Body selects them", "the panel selects them on its own responsibility", "the panel selects them in consultation with the parties", "the three sister organizations appoint them", "the WTO director-general selects them"];
question_array[24] = [5, "In which case did the Dispute Settlement Body authorize suspension of concessions (retaliation) after arbitration over the correct amount?", 1, "c5s3p2_e.htm", "Hormones", "Salmon", "Variety Testing", "none", "a) and c)"];
question_array[25] = [5, "In the Hormones case, which articles of the SPS Agreement did the EC ban violate according to the Appellate Body?", 5, "c5s3p1_e.htm", "Article 3 on international standards", "Article 4 on equivalence", "Article 5.1 on risk assessment", "Article 10 on special and differential treatment", "a) and c)"];
question_array[26] = [5, "Australia’s import ban on fresh chilled and frozen salmon was found to violate the SPS Agreement because", 5, "c5s4p1_e.htm", "it was not based on a risk assessment (Article 5.1)", "the level of protection sought for salmon was much higher than that for frozen herring and ornamental fish, and this arbitrary and unjustifiable difference in levels of protection resulted in discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade (Article 5.5)", "it was not based on an international standard (Article 3)", "all of the above", "a) and b)"];
question_array[27] = [5, "The Article 21.5 Panel which determined whether Australia had complied with the recommendations of the Dispute Settlement Body in the salmon case found that", 3, "c5s4p1_e.htm", "Australia had complied", "the level of protection sought for salmon was much higher than that for frozen herring and ornamental fish, and this arbitrary and unjustifiable difference in levels of protection resulted in discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade (Article 5.5)", "Australia’s requirement that salmon be in a particular consumer-ready form was not based on a risk assessment, and was more trade-restrictive than required", "Australia’s risk assessment was not a proper risk assessment according to the SPS Agreement", "all of the above"];
question_array[28] = [5, "The EC ban on imports of hormone-treated beef was not justified under Article 5.7 (provisional measures) because", 1, "c5s3p1_e.htm", "the EC did not invoke this provision, but the precautionary principle", "the measure was not based on a risk assessment", "the measure was not reviewed within a reasonable period of time", "the EC did not seek to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective risk assessment", "all of the above"];
question_array[29] = [5, "In the Hormones case, the Appellate Body found that the precautionary principle", 1, "c5s3p1_e.htm", "finds reflection in Article 5.7 (on provisional measures)of the SPS Agreement", "overrides the obligation to base an SPS measure on a risk assessment (Articles 5.1 and 5.2)", "is a principle of customary international environmental law", "is a general principle of international law"];
question_array[30] = [5, "The Appellate Body found that Japan’s variety testing requirement", 2, "c5s5p2_e.htm", "was not based on an international standard", "was maintained without sufficient scientific evidence", "was a provisional measure", "should have been notified"];
question_array[31] = [5, "Panel and Appellate Body reports are adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)", 4, "c5s1p1_e.htm", "by consensus", "by simple majority vote (51%)", "by two-thirds majority of the votes", "automatically, unless there is consensus to reject them", "they are adopted by the parties to the dispute, not by the DSB"];
question_array[32] = [5, "According to the Appellate Body, an SPS measure that is not based on an international standard has to be based on ", 3, "c5s4p2_e.htm", "a quantitative risk assessment", "a qualitative risk assessment", "either a) or b)", "both a) and b)"];
question_array[33] = [6, "The SPS Agreement provides scope for technical assistance", 2, "c6s2p1_e.htm", "only when substantial investments are required", "among WTO Members and through international organizations", "to develop national quality standards", "when it excludes credits, donations and grants", "only when the aim is to expand market access opportunities"];
question_array[34] = [6, "Which of the following is/are correct?
Developing-country Members have the right to", 1, "c6s3p1_e.htm", "request the SPS Committee to grant them specified, time-limited exceptions from obligations of the Agreement", "automatic time-limited exceptions from obligations of the Agreement", "ban imports because of their inadequate domestic inspection and control systems"];