“laws or regulations”: see General
Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to secure compliance
with GATT-consistent measure (GATT XX(d)), “laws or regulations”
least
developed countries, special dispute
settlement procedures (DSU 24)
see also Enabling
Clause, least developed countries (para. 2(d)); safeguard measures
(SG/GATT XIX), developing countries and (SG 9)
particular
consideration to be given to special situation of (DSU 24.1) L.0.1
legal
basis of claim (AD 17)
GATT XXII and XXIII compared
A.3.54.1,
A.3.55.1
good faith view of Member (“considers”) that benefits
are being impaired or nullified (AD 17.3) A.3.55.4,
L.1.7, L.1.17,
P.3.1.12-13, R.5.5
legislation
as such: see legislation as such, right to challenge
specific
measures referable to DSB (AD 17.4/DSU 6.2) and claims/legal basis
relating to the measures distinguished A.3.56.2
legal basis of claim (DSU 6.2) (request for establishment of panel)
R.2.2
arguments distinguished C.1.1-8,
C.1.10, R.2.1.14,
R.2.2.1-8, T.6.1.18,
T.6.2.13, W.3.1
DSU 21.5
compliance proceedings requirements R.2.5.3
due
process and D.2.2.32, R.2.2.8,
T.6.2.7-9
evidence
to support claim distinguished C.1.6
expired
measure R.2.3.24-5, T.6.3.15-16
implied
claims, exclusion R.2.2.14, T.6.2.17,
T.6.2.19
legislation
“as such” claims L.1.13, R.2.3.12,
T.6.3.7
“measure”
impairing benefits (DSU 3.3) L.1.4, L.1.7
nexus
between challenged measure and provisions allegedly breached R.2.1.10
rectification at subsequent stages
arguments
in written or other submission or statement C.1.3-4,
R.2.2.3, R.2.2.15,
T.6.2.2-4, W.3.1
fact-finding
by panel C.7.1, T.6.1.4
specificity sufficient to
present the problem clearly R.2.2.8, R.2.2.20
summary,
sufficiency R.2.1.3, R.2.1.5-6,
R.2.1.13, T.6.1.7
listing
of articles of agreement allegedly breached R.2.2.6-7,
R.2.2.16, T.6.2.1,
T.6.2.5, T.6.2.7-8
reference to AD 2 R.2.2.10, T.6.2.10
reference to AD 3.1 R.2.2.9
reference to AD 5 R.2.2.10
reference to AG 3 and 6 as incorporating Schedule of Commitments and
AG Annex 3
R.2.2.11,
T.6.2.11
reference to DSU 23 as including reference to DSU 23.1 and 23.2 R.2.2.12,
T.6.2.12-15
reference to Enabling Clause including specific provisions
R.2.2.18-19,
T.6.2.19
reference to GATT I:1 as including reference to Enabling Clause
R.2.2.17
reference to GATT II R.2.2.13,
T.6.2.16-17
legal basis of claim (GATT XXII (consultation) and XXIII
(nullification or impairment)) A.3.55.1
legal
representation in government delegation, importance P.4.2
legislation
as such, right to challenge A.3.54.1,
A.3.55.2-3, A.3.56.4,
A.3.56.6-8, J.2.1.9-11,
L.1
administrative instrument A.3.55.3, A.3.62.2
“as such” / “as applied”, relevance of distinction
L.1.24-5
burden of proof and B.3.1.13, B.3.2.18,
C.4.32-3, M.5.8-9
challenge to programme as such L.1.23-5
challenge to system as a whole distinguished L.1.21
characterization by domestic authorities, relevance L.1.13,
M.5.10, M.5.11,
R.2.3.12,
T.6.3.7
GATT 1947, XXIII:1(a) and J.2.1.9,
L.1.1
good faith and L.1.13, R.2.3.12,
T.6.3.7
mandatory/discretionary legislation, whether distinguishable J.2.1.9,
L.1.1, L.1.9-10,
M.1
discretionary elements under separate law, effect M.1.8
executive discretion and M.1.4-5
panel’s obligation to examine status M.1.7-9,
S.7.3.31
normative instrument L.1.5, L.1.15-16
in absence of written instrument L.1.18-19,
S.7.2.13
serious implications of such a challenge C.4.34,
L.1.12
legitimate
expectations: see interpretation of covered
agreements, legitimate expectations,
relevance
less
favourable treatment/“less favourable treatment”:
see MFN treatment (GATS II),
“treatment no less favourable” (GATS II:1); national treatment,
regulatory
discrimination (GATT III:4), “less favourable treatment”;
national treatment (TRIPS 3),
“less favourable treatment”
Licensing
Agreement L.2
as lex specialis L.2.4
licensing procedures, limitation to (LA, title, preamble and
Art. 1.1) L.2.1-2
“neutral in application and administered in a fair and equitable
manner” (LA 1.3) / “administer
in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner” (GATT X:3(a)),
equivalence L.2.4
trade distortion in part of trade not subject to procedures L.2.3
“like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c))
S.1.3
“domestic industry”, as sole determinant (SG 4.1(c))
S.1.25.1-4
specific product, need for S.1.3.1, S.1.25.2
“like product” (GATT III:2)
criteria N.1.3.2
determination on case-by-case basis N.1.3.1.1-2,
N.1.3.2.1-3,
S.3.3.1
determination as legal issue S.3.3.1
directly competitive or substitutable products distinguished D.1.3,
N.1.3.1.1-4, N.1.5
discretionary element N.1.3.2.2
GATT III:4 distinguished N.1.3.1.4, N.1.9.1.1
Harmonized System of Customs Classification, relevance H.1.1,
N.1.3.2.2
narrow interpretation, need for D.1.3, N.1.3.1.1,
N.1.5.3, S.3.3.1
“like product” (GATT III:4)
competitive relationship, need for N.1.9.3.2,
N.1.9.4.4,
N.1.9.5.1
evidence of health risks, relevance G.3.2.1,
N.1.12.1
criteria N.1.9.4
see also directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT
III:2), criteria consumer preferences N.1.9.1.2,
N.1.9.4.1, N.1.9.4.4,
N.1.9.4.7,
N.1.9.5.2
end-uses N.1.9.4.1-8
interchangeability N.1.9.4.4,
N.1.9.4.6
physical properties N.1.9.4.1-4
tariff classification N.1.9.4.1
determination
on basis of all the available evidence N.1.9.4.1-2
on case-by-case basis N.1.9.1.2
GATT III:2 distinguished N.1.3.1.4,
N.1.9.1.1
“similar” / “produits similaires” / “productos
similares” N.1.9.1.2
Lomé Convention, panel’s right to refer to L.3
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